HIDROSTATIKA

Fluids: Statics vs Dynamics

Hydrostatics
And the Hoover Dam

For a fluid at rest, pressure increases linearly with depth. As a consequence, large forces can develop on plane and curved surfaces. The water behind the Hoover dam, on the Colorado river, is approximately 715 feet deep and at this depth the pressure is 310 psi. To withstand the large pressure forces on the face of the dam, its thickness varies from 45 feet at the top to 660 feet at the base.

Macam Tekanan Hidrostatik

Tekanan pada bidang datar Tekanan pada bidang datar horisontal Tekanan pada bidang miring Tekanan pada bidang lengkung

 Tekanan yang diterima oleh suatu bidang arahnya selalu tegak lurus dengan bidang tersebut

bidang datar horisontal

bidang datar

 Tekanan yang diterima oleh suatu bidang arahnya selalu tegak lurus dengan bidang tersebut

bidang miring

bidang datar

 Tekanan yang diterima oleh suatu bidang arahnya selalu tegak lurus dengan bidang tersebut

bidang lengkung

bidang datar

Tekanan pada bidang datar

Tekanan = Gaya per Unit Area
Atmospheric Pressure is the weight of the column of air above a unit area. For example, the atmospheric pressure felt by a man is the weight of the column of air above his body divided by the area the air is resting on

P = (Weight of column)/(Area of base)

Standard Atmospheric Pressure:

1 atmosphere (atm)

14.7 lbs/in2 (psi)

760 Torr (mm Hg) 1013.25 millibars = 101.3 kPascals 1kPa = 1N/m2

Konsep dasar
Tekanan = Gaya per Unit Area Gaya adalah berat liquid di atas titik tinjauan Berat air = massa liquid dikalikan dengan g (percepatan grafitasi) Massa liquid = volume liquid x densitas liquid Volume liquid = kedalaman titik x unit area Jadi: Tekanan (P) r * g * h * A r * g * h
A

Fluid Statics
Basic Principles:
Fluid is at rest : no shear forces Pressure is the only force acting

What are the forces acting on the block?

Air pressure on the surface - neglect Weight of the water above the block Pressure only a function of depth

 Gambar berikut adalah empat bak berisi air. Bentuk bak dan volume air berbeda, namun luas dasar empat bak adalah SAMA. Apakah tekanan hidrostatis yang diterima oleh dasar bak berbeda?

TEKANAN PADA BIDANG DATAR HORISONTAL

Basic Concepts

Pressure = g h
g = spec gravity of water h = depth of water

C = Center of Mass of Gate

CP = Center of Pressure on Gate Fr = Resultant Force acts at CP

Penentuan Center of Pressure

Gaya hidrostatik pada bendungan

Tekanan pada tiap kedalaman

Di permukaan, P = 0 Di dasar, P = g H Pada h=H/2, P= g H/2 FH=W= g H/2 *bH Momen=M=W.e e=H/2 H/3 = H/6 M=(1/12) g bH3

Tekanan Hidrostatik pada bidang dinding

C = Centroid or Center of Mass CP = Center of Pressure Fr = Resultant Force I = Moment of Inertia

For a Rectangular Gate:

Ixc = 1/12 bh3 Ixyc = 0

For a circle:
Ixc = p r4 / 4
h

Ixyc = 0

Hydrostatics Example Problem # 1

What is the Magnitude and Location of the Resultant force of water on the door? gW = 62.4 lbs/ft3 Water Depth = 6 feet Door Height = 4 feet Door Width = 3 feet

Hydrostatics Example Problem #1

Important variables:
HC and Yc = 4 Xc = 1.5

Magnitude of Resultant Force:

FR = gW A HC FR = 62.4 x 12 x 4 = 2995.2 lbs

A = 4 x 3 = 12
Ixc = (1/12)bh3 = (1/12)x3x43 = 16 ft4

Location of Force:
YR = (Ixc / YcA) + Yc YR = (16 / 4x12) + 4 = 4.333 ft down XR = Xc (symmetry) = 1.5 ft from the corner of the door

TEKANAN PADA BIDANG MIRING

Tekanan Hidrostatik pada bidang miring

The Center of Pressure YR lies below the centroid - since pressure increases with depth

FR = g A YC sinq
or FR

= g A Hc

YR = (Ixc / YcA) + Yc
XR = (Ixyc / YcA) + Xc
but for a rectangle or circle:

XR = Xc
For 90 degree walls:

FR = g A Hc

Dengan pendekatan rumus Phytagoras:

2 W Wv2 WH

WV = (1/2) g HB B = L cos WH = (1/2) g H2 P = W/(L * Lh)

W

TEKANAN PADA BIDANG LENGKUNG

B Fv

A A

O
FH

Komponen vertikal: FV=berat liquid di atas bidang lengkung = WAABB = VAABB = (AAABB . b) Komponen horisontal: FH=gaya pada bidang hasil proyeksi bidang lengkung = .hOB.AOB
2 F FV2 FH

F
B

KESEIMBANGAN TEKANAN

Buoyancy
Archimedes Principle: Will it Float?
The upward vertical force felt by a submerged, or partially submerged, body is known as the buoyancy force. It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged portion of the body. The buoyancy force acts through the centroid of the displaced volume, known as the center of buoyancy. A body will sink until the buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the body.

FB = g x Vdisplaced
FB = gW x Vdisp

= Vdisp

FB
FB

W = FB

Buoyancy Example Problem # 1

A 500 lb buoy, with a 2 ft radius is tethered to the bed of a lake. What is the tensile force T in the cable?

FB
gW = 62.4
lbs/ft3

Buoyancy Example Problem # 1

Displaced Volume of Water: Buoyancy Force:

Vdisp-W = 4/3 x p x R3
Vdisp-W = 33.51 ft3

FB = gW x Vdisp-w
FB = 62.4 x 33.51

FB = 2091.024 lbs up

Sum of the Forces: SFy = 0 = 500 - 2091.024 + T

T = 1591.024 lbs down

Will It Float?
Ship Specifications: Weight = 300 million pounds Dimensions = 100 wide by 150 tall by 800 long Given Information: gW = 62.4 lbs/ft3

LATIHAN SOAL-SOAL HIDROSTATIKA

ATTENTION
Pada Hari Kamis 7 Oktober 2010 dilaksanakan Quis 1. Harap dipelajari materi kuliah pada pertemuan 1 6 Terima Kasih