HANDLED BY CALIN SHABU.W.

AIM:
To study about the instruments used in aircraft

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the principle and working of aircraft systems and instruments,
AIRPLANE CONTROL SYSTEMS AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS ENGINE SYSTEMS AUXILIARY SYSTEM AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

Conventional systems
Fully powered flight controls Power actuated systems Modern control systems

Digital fly by wire systems

Auto pilot system active control Technology

 Hydraulic system Study of typical workable system Components Pneumatic systems, Working principles

Typical Air pressure system

Brake system Typical Pneumatic power system Components Landing Gear systems Classification

Hydraulic system:
Force that is applied at one point is transmitted to another point using

an incompressible fluid

Fig: Hydraulic system used in brakes

Landing Gear systems:

It is the system of wheels that opens before an airplane

lands and closes after take off The system also supports the aircraft while on the ground, taxiing or landing

Fig: Landing gear used before take off and after landing

 Fuel systems for Piston and jet engines Components of multi engines Lubricating systems for piston and jet engines

Starting and Ignition systems

Typical examples for piston and jet engines

 An aircraft's fuel system has a more profound effect on

aircraft performance than any other airframe system. Without fuel the mission comes to an abrupt stop

Fig: Fuel distributed around center of gravity

Types of fuel:
Civilian Military Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B JP-4, JP-5, JP-8

Fig: Fueling in air

Basic Air cycle systems Vapour Cycle systems Evaporative vapour cycle systems Evaporative air cycle systems Deicing and anti icing systems Fire protection systems

 An air cycle machine is the system that provides fresh,

temperature-controlled oxygen to an airplane cabin

 Flight Instruments and Navigation Instruments Gyroscope, accelerometers Air speed Indicators TAS, EAS Mach Meters, Altimeters, Principles and operation Study of Various types of engine instruments Tachometers, Temperature gauges

Pressure Gauges, Operation and Principles

 The instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that provide

the pilot with information about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as altitude speed and direction.

 It is used to identify the present position and to

determine the speed, direction etc. to arrive at the port or point of destination.

McKinley, J.L., and Bent, R.D., Aircraft Maintenance & Repair, McGraw-Hill, 1993. General Hand Books of Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administation, The English Book Store, New Delhi1995

 Mekinley, J.L. and Bent, R.D., Aircraft Power Plants,

McGraw-Hill, 1993. Pallet, E.H.J., Aircraft Instruments & Principles, Pitman & Co., 1993. Treager, S., Gas Turbine Technology, McGraw-Hill, 1997

 Modern control systems Auto pilot system

Applications for Hydraulic systems

Modern Brake systems Fuel systems Types of engine

Fire protection systems

Air cycle Navigation Instruments used for navigation

 Digital fly by wire systems Landing Gear systems Typical examples for piston and jet engines Typical Air pressure system Tachometers, Temperature gauges

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsOU0WEc6OU https://www.risingwingsaviation.com www.google.com https://www.springer.de/engine/

The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn... and change