Edt5390

Malaysia Curriculum Planning, Development And Reform

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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Legal foundation The Education Act 1996 (Act 550, Laws of Malaysia) provides the fundamental basis for curriculum policies in Malaysia. It indicates the specific laws and provisions that give direction to curriculum documents.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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Education goals and objectives The countrys educational goals are manifested in the Malaysian National Education Philosophy (NEP) which states that: Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being, as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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Education goals and objectives The countrys educational goals are manifested in the Malaysian National Education Philosophy (NEP) which states that: Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being, as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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The education system

A uniform system of education in both primary and secondary schools has been established whereby a national curriculum is used in all schools. Common central assessment and examinations at the end of the respective periods of schooling are also being practiced. The national language, Malay, is the official language of instruction.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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Curriculum philosophy

The school curriculum is expected to contribute to the holistic development of the individual (mental, emotional, physical, spiritual) by imparting general knowledge and skills, fostering healthy attitudes and instilling accepted moral values. The aim is to produce Malaysian citizens who are balanced, trained, skilful and cherish the national aspiration for unity.
Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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Curriculum philosophy (cont.)

The general direction for on-going curriculum reform is to improve the quality of education in order to achieve the aims of the National Education Philosophy towards achieving the nations vision to prepare children to become knowledgeable, trained and skilled individuals to meet the growing needs of the millennium. The school curriculum is designed to achieve the intended learning outcomes for different ability levels.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 CURRICULUM DESIGN The national curriculum promotes unity through the use of a single medium of instruction (the national language) and the provision of the same core subjects for all pupils in all schools within the National Education System. However, the cultural diversity of different ethnic groups in Malaysia is preserved through the existence of National Type Schools, which are allowed to use other major ethnic languages as the medium of instruction.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 CURRICULUM DESIGN (cont.) The underlying theoretical principle of national curriculum formulation is that of general education, using an integrated approach in curriculum planning. The curriculum comprises content and skills, with emphasis on the development of basic skills, the acquisition of knowledge and thinking skills. Each subject must also incorporate the inculcation of moral values and attitudes and the correct use of Malay and other languages, such as English, Chinese and Tamil.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 CURRICULUM DESIGN (cont.) The integrated approach is the main focus in the design of the Integrated Curriculum for Primary School and Integrated Curriculum for Secondary School. The elements of knowledge, skills and values are incorporated so as to bring the integrated development of the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical aspects of the individual.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Malaysias system of curriculum development is centralized. The Ministry of Education through its central agency, namely the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), is responsible for initiating curriculum development. The CDC is responsible for the development of the preschool, primary school and secondary school curriculum. In the implementation of the curriculum, however, various committees have been set up in the Ministry of Education, State Education Departments, Divisions/District Education Offices and schools.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 1. Educational Planning Committee. (Secretariat: Educational Planning and Research Division, Ministry of Education.) Functions: To approve and formulate the major policies in the Ministry of Education; To consider all projects related to policy matters.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 2. Central Curriculum Committee. (Secretariat: Central Curriculum Committee, Ministry of Education.)
Functions: To formulate curriculum policies, as well as study their implications; To determine the direction of curriculum development and coordinate efforts to achieve this goal; To consider and make recommendations concerning education planning and implementation, as well as to present these findings to the Educational Planning Committee; To study the implications of curriculum programs and to make decisions accordingly; To determine aspects which require research and study

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 3. Curriculum Implementation Committee. (Secretariat: Central Curriculum Committee, Ministry of Education.) Functions:
Responsible for co-ordinating all levels of preparation in implementing any curriculum programmes approved by the Central Curriculum Committee; To ensure co-ordination between the divisions of the Ministry and the State Education Departments in the implementation of the curriculum; To gather feedback on curriculum implementation at the State, division/district and school levels; To organize forums to discuss successful innovative programmes implemented at the State level.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 4. State Curriculum Committee. Functions: To monitor, assess and guide principals, headmasters and teachers in the implementation of the curriculum; To gather and analyze information and take the necessary follow-up action; To co-ordinate the implementation of activities between policy makers and implementers at the Ministry, division/district and school levels; To co-ordinate the use of resources for curriculum implementation;

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 5. Division/District Curriculum Committee. Functions: To plan activities and curriculum implementation strategies at division/district levels; To arrange and organize courses and seminars to disseminate the latest information to teachers and all personnel concerned; To advise and guide teachers in curriculum implementation; To monitor, supervise and evaluate the implementation of the curriculum;

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 6. School Curriculum Committee. Functions: To plan, organize and evaluate teaching/learning activities in schools; To work towards increasing the knowledge and competence of teachers and students; To study the suitability of the subject content and inform parties concerned; To study, evaluate and determine the suitability of textbooks or other materials; To assess the scheme of work; l to assess pupil performance and to identify follow-up Edt5390 action; General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION Centralized examinations are held at the end of Year VI, Form III and Form V. The results of these examinations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the curriculum. Examination results also provide feedback to the planners to improve students achievement. To assess pupil performance and to identify follow-up action;

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION (cont.) The various divisions of the Ministry also carry out related studies to find out the impact of the curriculum on students achievement. These focus on specific areas of interest, and information is commonly collected using surveys, class observations or test items. Information obtained reflects the effectiveness of the curriculum and the Ministry is required from time to time to take follow up action, such as reviewing the syllabus, textbooks and other teaching materials, and improving teacher/learning strategies.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 CONCLUSION
Careful planning is necessary to ensure the implementation of the curriculum. Thus, the school plays an important role in creating a conducive environment encouraging excellence. In this respect, headmasters and teachers need to understand and internalize the National Education Philosophy, the aims and objectives of the National Education Policy and the integrated approach of the curriculum. Apart from the school and parents, society also plays an important role. The success of the curriculum depends on societys support in assisting the school to develop pupils personalities and to participate actively in matters relating to education.

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

Edt5390 CONCLUSION

Careful planning is necessary to ensure the implementation of the curriculum. Thus, the school plays an important role in creating a conducive environment encouraging excellence. In this respect, headmasters and teachers need to understand and internalize the National Education Philosophy, the aims and objectives of the National Education Policy and the integrated approach of the curriculum. Apart from the school and parents, society also plays an important role. The success of the curriculum depends on societys support in assisting the school to develop pupils personalities and to participate actively in matters relating to education. Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology

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TERIMA KASIH

Edt5390 General Teaching Methodology