EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA

BY: NIMRA

POPULATION
China is developing country with a population taking up one fifth of the worlds total. 367 million people are below 18.

The Choice of China

Converting the population pressure into huge human resources

Adopting the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education

Putting People First

The Chinese Government has put forward the scientific

development outlook of putting people in the first place and promoting the harmonious development of economy and society and the idea of building a socialist harmonious society.

Great Achievement in Chinas Basic Education

95% of total population receives 9 year

compulsory education. High school education grows up quickly. Curriculum reforms are undergoing pretty well. Teachers are respected. A series of educational laws promulgated and revised.

Education System in China

In China, the education is divided into three

categories: Basic education, Higher education, and Adult education. The Compulsory Education Law of stipulates that each child have nine years of formal education.

Basic Education
Basic education in China includes pre-school

education, primary education and regular secondary education. Preschool, or kindergarten, can last up to three years, with children entering as early as age three, until age six, when they typically enter elementary school. The academic year is divided into two semesters.

Secondary Education
Secondary education is divided into academic secondary education and

specialized/vocational/technical secondary education. Academic secondary education is delivered by academic lower and upper middle schools. Lower middle school graduates wishing to continue their education take a locally administered entrance exam, on the basis of which they will have the option either of continuing in an academic upper middle school or of entering a vocational secondary school. Vocational schools offer programs ranging from two to four years and train medium-level skilled workers, farmers, and managerial and technical personnel. Technical schools typically offer four-years programs to train intermediate technical personnel. Schools for Skilled Workers typically train junior middle school graduates for positions requiring production and operation skills. The length of training is typically three year.

Higher Education
Higher education at the undergraduate level includes two-

and three-year junior colleges(sometimes also called short-cycle colleges, four-year colleges, and universities offering programs in both academic and vocational subjects. Many colleges and universities also offer graduate programs leading to the masters or Ph.D. degree. Chinese higher education at the undergraduate level is divided into three-year and four-year programs. The former is offered not only at short-cycle colleges, but frequently also at four-year colleges and universities. The latter is offered at four-year colleges and universities but do not always lead to the bachelors degree.

Adult Education
The adult education category overlaps all three of the

above categories. Adult primary education includes Workers Primary Schools, Peasants Primary Schools, and literacy classes. Adult secondary education includes radio/TV specialized secondary schools, specialized secondary school for cadres, specialized secondary schools for staff and workers, specialized secondary schools for peasants, inservice teacher training schools and correspondence specialized secondary schools. Adult higher education includes radio/TV universities, institutes, workers colleges, peasant colleges, correspondence colleges, and educational colleges. Most of the above offer both two- and three-year short-cycle curricula; only a few also offer regular undergraduate curricula.

Principles & General Objectives of Education

Education in the Peoples Republic of China

must serve the construction of the socialist modernization, be combined with production and labor, and foster builders and successors with all round development of morality, intelligence and physique for the socialist cause. Education shall be carried out in the spirit of inheriting and expanding the fine historical and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation and assimilating all the fine achievements of the civilization progress of human beings.

Student learning
Active learning Interactive learning

Hands-on ability
How to fish instead of giving fish

Teaching Process
Teaching reforms
Classroom teaching Social participation Project oriented study Team work

Teaching Assessment
Grade instead of 100 marks More encouragement Qualities at all aspect are encouraged Continuous innovations toward entrance

examination will be conducted

Financial aid to Students

Grants. The State Grant program was established

in 2002 to award excellent needy undergraduate students in regular higher education institutions. Scholarships. Merit-based scholarships are one of the main types of aid available to college students since 1986. Work-study. In 1994 Regulations on building workstudy funds in regular higher education institutions was issued to require all institutions to construct workstudy funds aiming at helping poor students. Tuition waivers. Only a very limited number of needy students may get this kind of aid.

CONTD
Student loans. The first loan program began in

1986. There are three types of student loan programs in China: The General-Commercial Student Loans Scheme (GCSL), The Government-Subsidized Student Loans Scheme (GSSL), and The Government-subsidized Student Resident Loan (SRL) (Shen 2008).

Education management and the Administrative System in China

In China, government is the principle investor in

education, although private educational investment has been increasing rapidly since 1978. As a result of the reform, decision-making in the area of education has become much more decentralized. Local government is playing a key role in compulsory education, while central and provincial government are dominant in higher education. In occupational and adult education, non-governmental entities including industrial organizations, businesses and public institutions play an important role.

CONTD
In China, the Ministry of Education is the supreme

education administrative body in the country, with numerous branches at provincial and local levels. Through the Ministry, fiscal allocations are made on a regionby-region basis and account for the majority of educational funding.