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UNDERPINNING AND SHORING

Engr. Yusuf Mohamed Yusuf 2005-Ms-C-Stru-93

I- UNDERPINNING
What is foundation underpinning? What is the purpose of underpinning? When foundation underpinning is required? What are the methods used for
underpinning?

What is foundation underpinning?

Foundation underpinning is a means of transferring loads to deeper soils or bedrock.
Underpinning is the securing, stabilizing, or supporting of an existing foundation.

What is the purpose of underpinning?

To obtain additional foundation capacity To modify the existing foundation system To create new foundations to which the

existing load may be wholly or partially transferred into deeper soil Underpinning is generally used for remedial purposes
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When foundation underpinning is required?

Underpinning is required when: The original foundation is simply not stable enough. The usage of the structure has changed. The properties of the soil supporting the foundation may have changed or was mischaracterized during planning. The construction of nearby structures necessitates the excavation of soil supporting existing foundations.
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What are important parameters to be considered before Underpinning ?

Height of the building Column spacing Wall thickness Type and material of construction Different loads acting on the building Condition of the building
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What are the methods used for underpinning?

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1-Pit Underpinning
The most common and oldest method of underpinning is by installing piers under a structures foundation, filling them with concrete and wedging up to transfer the load to the new piers Pit underpinning requires careful and skilled work as loss of ground will cause building settlement
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Pit Underpinning
Procedure Column/ wall above the affected footing should be braced as much as possible A pit of 3 wide, 4 long and 5 depth is excavated in front of the footing to be underpinned

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Pit Underpinning

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Pit Underpinning
Pit is extended laterally to reach under the
footing to be underpinned and then is deepened several feet below the subgrade A vertical formwork is built in the pit and then is concreted up to the footing Dry packing operation is then carried out

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Pit Underpinning
Comments
This method is limited to dry ground because it is difficult to dig below water level otherwise more building settlement may occur.

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Helical Pier System

Helical piers are used to support foundation of existing structures. Using a hydraulic motor attached to a backhoe. The pier is drilled into the ground to a specified depth or until refusal.

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Helical Pier System

Damaged Foundation

Repaired Foundation

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Procedure
Excavate down to the footing at each
designated pier location Notch out foundation footing to accommodate support bracket Screw piers into excavated site to a desired depth using a hydraulic motor attached to a backhoe Connect bracket to base of foundation and the top the pier Backfill all excavated pier locations

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Comments
Fast installation Economical Can be installed in confined space Minimum disturbance to site. Immediate loading. All weather installation. Applicable for saturated soil conditions
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2- Pile Underpinning
The pile underpinning technique is used to overcome the extremely difficult working circumstances encountered when pit underpinning action become unsuitable due to high ground water level Piles are often used where water condition make it difficult to dig below the footing
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Special Underpinning Methods a) Chemical grouting

Perforated pipes are drilled into the ground with suitable spacing and a solution of Sodium Silicate is pressure-injected into the ground and then Calcium or magnesium chloride is injected as the pipe is withdrawn. The two chemicals interact to form a gel that binds the soil particles into a mass similar to sandstone
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Special Underpinning Methods

b) Microfine Grouting A perforated pipe is drilled into ground and fluid grout mixture is injected by pressure The mixture consist of 1- water + Cement 2- water + cement + fly ash or lime

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2- SHORING
Definition :
Structural system made of metal or

timber that supports the sides of an excavation trench and is designed to prevent side collapse."

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Shoring action depend on:

soil type moisture content depth of foundation/ trench vibration effects adjacent buildings and structures adjacent weight (surcharge) weather
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Surcharge pressure

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Surcharge pressure

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Where shoring is required?

Demolishing and excavating under the
existing footing, Pouring a new footing at the required depth. Supporting loose soil or water

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Foundation repairing

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Loose soil

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Embankment protection

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Water

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Wall Shoring ( Soldier pile)

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THANKS

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