IP Address

* IP Network Address * IP Host Address * IP Sub-Network Address

Classification Of IP Address
* * * * * Class Class Class Class Class A Address B Address C Address D Address E Address

Class A Address
1. First bit is 0 2. Network Number ranges from 1.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0 3. Useable Network Address is from 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0(127.0.0.0 is reserved)

4. Total number of Network Address is 2^7-2=126 5. Total number of Host Address is 2^242=16777214.

Class A Address
Class A Network Addres

01111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 127 0 0 0

Class A Network Address

Class A Network Address 0 N N N N NN N H H H H H HH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Class A Address

1. Class A Address 127.0.0.0 is denotes the default address.(Loop back address) 2. The starting class A address is 1.0.0.0 3. The last Class A address is 126.0.0.0 4. The first Class A host address is 1.0.0.1 5. The last Class A host address is 126.255.255.254 6. The Class A broadcast address is 126.255.255.255 7. The total Class A Network is 126 8. The total Class A Hosts are 2^24-2= 16,777,214

Class A First Network Address

Class A First Netw ork Addres

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 0

Class A First Host Addres

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 1

Class A Last Host Addres

0 1

255

255

254

Class A Broadcast Addres

0 1

255

255

255

Class A Last Network Address

Class A Last Netw ork Addres

0 0

0 0

0 0

126
Class A First Host Addres

0 0

0 0

0 1

126
Class A Last Host Addres

126
Class A Broadcast Addres

255

255

254

126

255

255

255

Class B Address
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. First bit is 1 The Second bit is 0 Network Number ranges from 128.0.0.0 to 191.0.0.0 Total number of Network Address is 2^14=16384 Total number of Host Address is 2^16-2=65534

Class B Network Address

Class B Network Address 1 0 N N N NN N N N N N N NN N H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Class B First Network Address

Class B First Network Addres

128
Class B First Host Addres

0 0

0 0

0 1

128
Class B Last Host Addres

0 0 0

128
Class B Broadcast Addres

255

254

0 0

128

255

255

Class B Last Network Address

Class B Last Netw ork Addres

0 0

0 0

191
Class B First Host Addres

255

0 0

0 1

191
Class B Last Host Addres

255

1 1 255

191
Class B Broadcast Addres

255

254

191

255

255

255

Class C Network Address

1. First and Second bits is 1 2. The Third bit is 0 3. Network Number ranges from 192.0.0.0 to 223.0.0.0 4. Total number of Network Address is 2^21=2097152 5. Total number of Host Address is 2^8-2=254

Class C Network Address

Class C Network Address 1 1 0 NN NN N N N N NN NN N N N N N N N N N H H H H H H H H

Class C First Network Address

Class C First Netw ork Addres

0 0

0 0

0 0

192
Class C First Host Addres

0 0 0

0 0

0 1

192
Class C Last Host Addres

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

192
Class C Broadcast Addres

254

0 0

0 0 0

192

255

Class C Last Network Address

Class C Last Netw ork Addres

0 0

192
Class C First Host Addres

255

255

0 1

192
Class C Last Host Addres

255

255

192
Class C Broadcast Addres

255

255

254

192

255

255

255

Class D Network Address

1.First three bits are set to 1s. 2.The fourth bit is set to 0. 3.The Network Number range is from 224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0 4.This class is used only for Multicast. 5. Total number of Network is 2^20=1048576

Class D Network Address

Class D Network Address
1 1 1 0 M MM M M M M MM MM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

Multicastgroup

Multicastgroup

Multicastgroup

Class E Network Address

1. This network is only used for the research. 2. Including the address range from 240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255.

Reserved Network Address

* 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 * 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 * 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Subnetting

From the given single network address creating many sub network is known as Subnetting .

Advantages of Subnetting

To reduce the Network traffic. To improve the performance of the Network To create a efficient network system. To administrate the entire network in easy way.

Subnetmask

Borrowing a bit from the Host portion,thus increase the network number. 1s in the subnet represent the network or a subnet. All 1s represent the Broadcast

BIT Value(Easy Calculation)

N N N N N N N N 128 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 64 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 255 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255

Powers of 2
N N N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2^0 = 1 2^1 = 2 2^2 = 4 2^3 = 8 2^4 = 16

N
N N

0
0 0 1

0
0 0 1

2^5 = 32 2^6 = 64
2^7 = 128 2^8 = 256

0
1 1

1
0 1

0
0 1

0
0 1

0
0 1

0
0 1

Supernetting
It is a reverse of the Subnetting,to increase the host address borrowing a bit from the network bits.

Subnet Address

Three types of Subnet Address. * Class A 255.000.000.000 * Class B 255.255.000.000 * Class C 255.255.255.000

IP Address design

IP Address design
You should have the following details. * Required Number of Network Ids. * Required number of host in each network. * Required number of subnetwork * Required number for the Internet IP assigning is depend on the number of HOSTs. 1.Less number HOST --- Class C address 2.Medium number HOST --- Class B address 3.Large number HOST --- Class A address

Examples.

Write the subnet,broadcast,valid host range and the network address for the following. 1. 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.240 2. 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.224 3. 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.128 4. 172.16.10.33 with 6 bits of subnetting 5. 192.168.100.25 255.255.255.248 6. 192.168.100.17 with 3 bits of subnetting

Examples
7. 192.168.1.8 with 4 bit subnetting 8. 192.168.1.8 with 1 bits of subnetting 9. 192.168.100.23 255.255.255.248 10. 10.10.10.5 255.255.255.248 11. 255.255.255.254 12. 255.255.255.252 13. 255.255.255.248 14. 255.255.255.240 15. 255.255.255.224

Examples
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.128 255.255.254.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.128.0

Examples
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 255.254.0.0 255.252.0.0 255.248.0.0 255.240.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.192.0.0 255.128.0.0