Tackling Climate Change in Indonesia

Dr. Armi Susandi, MT.

Head of Meteorology Department, ITB National Council on Climate Change

Training for Enhancing Reporting Skills in Child Centered Disaster Risk Reduction (CCDRR) and Climate Change for Journalist in Indonesia Bandung - Indonesia, 28 - 31 July 2009

OUTLINE
Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia Climate Change Vulnerability in Indonesia Tackling Climate Change National Council on Climate Change International Climate Change Convention Submission to UNFCCC

Climate change impacts are already occurring and more are inevitable

The risk of serious irreversible impacts increases strongly as temperatures increase

Impact of Climate Change on Indonesia

Climate Change Vulnerability

Forest Fires Flood Flood

Flood
Drought

Basic Concept
CLIMATE CHANGE Human Interference Including Variability

Exposure Initial Impacts

VULNERABILITIES

IMPACTS

MITIGATION Of Climate Change via GHG Sources and Sinks

Of Effects
Autonomous Adaptations Residual or Net Impacts

Planned ADAPTATION To the Impacts and Vulnerability

Policy Responses

(IPCC, 2001)

TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation to Climate Change

Dynamical Model Visual Observation Statistical Model

Weather Prediction
Weather Prediction

Rainfall

Gas Emission

Wind Direction and Speed

Temperature

Warm/Cold Wave

Result of Weather Projection and Prediction

Rainfall

Variable

Topography

Constant

Vegetation

Variable

Land-use Change

Variable

Hydrology

Constant

Technology Capacity

Variable

Source : Susandi et al., 2009

Population Distribution

Variable

Model of Climate Prediction for Developing Policy

Sample of Adaptation Option in Climate Change Vulnerable Area

Sea Wall 100 % of the distance

2035

Index of Climate Change Vulnerability

1
0.9 0.8 0.7

Development: 1. Water Resource 2. Water Collector

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

3. Polder
4. Networking Pipes 5. More Pipes & Polder

(Susandi et. al, 2009)

Mitigation to Climate Change

Renewable Energy Forestry Ocean

Renewable Energy

Wind Energy Solar Energy Biomass Energy Geothermal Energy Coal Energy Source: Susandi, et al., 2008

Forestry

Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters

Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters

Carbon Uptake

Kyoto Protocol 2008 2012

COP 14 COP 18 COP 15 COP 16 COP 17

Post Kyoto 2013 on

Indonesia Forestry
PRODUCTION
REDD, SILIN, RIL, Ecost Rest, HTR,

REDD Voluntary

MANDATORY MANDATORY

PROTECTION
REDD, PES, Water, etc

SUSTAIN -ABLE FOREST MGNT

CONSERVATION
REDD, Biodiversity
OTHER FOREST & NON-FOREST LANDS
REDD

OCEAN

The Net Flux of CO2

(Source: H. Kettle and C. J. Merchant, 2005)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

The Net Flux of CO2

January
(West Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon)

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

The Net Flux of CO2

April
(Transition I)

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

The Net Flux of CO2

July
(East Monsoon and Northwest Monsoon)

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

The Net Flux of CO2

September
(transition II)

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)

DNPI (Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim)

Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Perpres 46 /2008

ORGANIZATION
Head Vice : President : Menko EKON Menko KESRA
MANDATE

NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)

1. Mainstreaming mitigation and adaptation policy on climate change in sector and district.
2. Arrange Strategy of Low-Emission Sustainable Development (Energy, Industry, Forestry, and Agriculture) 3. Enhance Information, assessment and mechanism on arrangement and carbon market. 4. Programming communication, information, and education regarding to climate change in Indonesia 5. Monitoring and evaluating on implementation of DNPI policy 6. Utilize Bali Road Map in various International negotiations 7. Enhance Clean Development Mechanism Commission

The Climate Change Convention

UNFCCC : Global Agreement on Climate Change

Objective: Stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to : to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development and to proceed in a sustainable manner Principles: Parties to the Convention should protect the climate systems on the basis of : Equity Common but differentiated responsibility Respective capabilities

Convention under UNFCCC:

COP = Conference of the Parties; COP/MOP : Conference of the Parties/ Meeting of the Parties; SBSTA = Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical, and Advice; SBI = Subsidiary Body for Implementation; In-sessional workshop; Inter-sessional workshop;

COP
Conference of the Parties is highest convention institution Main mission is promoting and reviewing implementation of convention result This convention has been held for 14 times.

Subsidiary Bodies
Two organization in helping COP The Subsidiary Body for Scientific & Technological Advice provide information and suggestion in Sciences and Technology The subsidiary Body for Implementation help to COP in evaluate and reviewing implementation from COP

Toward UNFCCC
Enhanced Action on Adaptation and its Means of Implementation Enhanced Action on Mitigation Enhanced Action on Financing, Technology and Capacity Building

Adaptation Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC

Exchange information and knowledge at the local, regional, and international level. Enhance data collection and availability to inform adaptation planning. Build capacity for enabling environments in a manner that leads to progress on adaptation Enhance coherence and facilitate linkages with organization

REDD Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC

Stabilization of forest cover, thereby forest carbon stocks Conservation and maintenance of forest carbon stocks due to sustainable management forest Reduction in deforestation rates Reduction in forest degradation Enhancement of forest carbon stocks

SUBMISSION BY INDONESIA

Adaptation
Enhance scientific monitoring activities to develop ways and means to adapt to the effects of climate change on the ocean. Exchange lessons learned and best practices, and enhance assessment of the vulnerability of oceans and coasts to the effects of climate change in order to facilitate the implementation of adaptation measures

Technology Transfer
Improved understanding on the role of oceans on climate change and vice-versa, and its effects on marine ecosystems, marine biodiversity and coastal communities, especially in developing countries and small island states; including marine scientific research and sustained integrated ocean observation systems.

Capacity Building
Promote gathering and exchange of information related to climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, communities, fisheries and other industries; emergency preparedness, monitoring, and forecasting climate change and ocean variability; and improving public awareness of early warning system capacity.

Thank You
armi@geoph.itb.ac.id www.armisusandi.com