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Contents
Basic terms
What is shaft alignment Why is shaft alignment so important Types of alignment Alignment methods
Misalignment
Stationary and Movable Machines Horizontal and vertical misalignment
rotational centers of two shafts such that they are co-linear when the machines are under normal operation.
generated in the coupling. Energy will be lost and increased loads will be placed on any mechanical components which provide for rotation, seals, bearing housing, etc snap
Types of misalignment
Shaft alignment begin by defining two
Alignment methods
There are a wide variety of methods for
measuring alignment, the most common ones are: 1.Mechanical method 2.Dial indicator method a) Rim-Face method b) Reverse Rim method 3.Laser method
Causes of misalignment
Increased vibration
Increased energy loss Increased load on bearings, seals and
Vibration
Misalignment causes vibrations. Vibrations are measured horizontally, vertically and axially and there are some rules of thumb in the analysis of the vibrations. Horizontal vibrations indicate imbalance (H). Vertical vibrations indicate a weak or loose foundation (V). Axial vibrations indicate misalignment (A)
Vibration
Alignment methods
Straight Edge
Reverse Rim
Rim-Face
Laser
Co-linearity
Two shafts are said to be co-linear when
Rotational centers
All shafts, whether they are straight or bent,
rotate on an axis called the rotational center. The rotational center forms a straight line.
Misalignment
Shafts are misaligned when their rotational
Misalignment conditions viewed from the top and corrected by sliding the front and back of the machine from side to side are termed horizontal misalignment.
Vertical Misalignment
Misalignment conditions viewed from the side (elevation) and corrected by making shim changes at the front and back of the machine are termed vertical misalignment.
Horizontal Misalignment
Vertical Misalignment
1.Offset misalignment
In shaft alignment, offset misalignment pertains
to the deviation of one shaft centerline from another shaft centerline at a given point (or plane) along the length.
2.Angular misalignment
Angular misalignment is most easily defined
1.Mechanical Method
Straight edge/feeler gauge method:
Offset misalignment is measured using a
Straight edges
Offset
Angular
Rim-Face Method:
Damaged seal
THANK YOU
GHULAM MOHIUDDIN