What is a Fragment?

1. Incomplete sentence. 2. Missing subject or verb. 3. Dependant clause only. 4. Incomplete thought.

Warm-Up Exercise
Directions: Finish all of the fragments so that they are

complete sentences: 1. My favorite TV show is. 2. If my alarm clock had gone off on time. 3. Swimming across the ocean. 4. Armines favorite food.

What is a sentence?

A sentence is the smallest grammatical unit

consisting of words that express a complete statement or question. A sentence always contains at least a subject and a predicate. Some of the athletes are running in the Olympics.

Subject
Definitions: A subject is a noun that performs the action

(predicate) in a sentence. Answers the question Who? Some of the athletes are running in the Olympics. (subject)

Predicate
A verb is the action being performed in the sentence.
The predicate contains the verb and sometimes a

secondary noun. Ex. Some of the athletes are running in the Olympics. (verb) Ex. Some of the athletes are running in the Olympics. (predicate) Ex. It is raining. (verb=predicate)

Dependant Clause
Is this a complete sentence or a fragment? If I cooked food.

Subject I Predicate cooked food Subordinating conjunction If - Indicates the start of a dependent clause.

A dependent clause is an incomplete thought that needs an independent clause to make sense. If I cooked food, I would have something to eat. Dependent clause = If I cooked food Independent clause = I would have something to eat.

Subordinating conjunctions
After

Although As Because Before Even if Even though If In order that once Provided that Rather than Since So that

Than

That Though Unless until When Whenever Where Whereas Wherever Whether While Why

Connecting sentences
Sentence 1: It is raining.
Sentence 2: I cannot take my dog for a walk. How can we connect two complete sentences? Period Comma and Coordinating Conjunction Semi colon Turn into dependent and independent clauses. Can we separate them with a comma?

Run- on Sentences
A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences

that have incorrect punctuation to connect them. There are two types of run-on sentences:
A fused sentence A comma splice

Fused sentence vs. Comma splice

Tom went to the park he walked his dog.
Tom went to the park, he walked his dog.

How do we fix run-on sentences?

Add a period.
Add a semicolon. Ann just finished her test; she is very tired. Adding a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb or

transitional phrase, and a comma makes a complete sentence, too.

Ann just finished her test; therefore, she is very tired.

Ann just finished her test. Therefore, she is very tired.

Common conjunctive adverbs and Transitional Phrases

Also Besides Meanwhile Moreover

Consequently
For example Furthermore

Nevertheless
Otherwise Therefore

However

Thus

How do we fix run-on sentences?

Add a coordinating conjunction with a comma. For And Nor But Or Yet So = FANBOYS Tom went to the park, and he walked his dog. Add a subordinating conjunction. Be careful about the

punctuation!
When I got to the office, it was empty. The office was empty when I got there.

Practice!
Directions: Try to match the sentences together and connect them with a punctuation mark or a coordinating conjunction. Read all of your choices before choosing the correct answer
1. I have to write a paper for my Political Science class a. We have much more space now

b. I am taking 18 units 2. Fall is my favorite season c. I enjoy the outdoors 3. Jose is a very nice tutor d. He helped me to make an outline for my essay 4. The Writing Center moved to a new building e. I found them a week later 5. I lost my keys f. It is due in one week 6. I love to go hiking g. I get to wear a costume 7. This semester is very hard for me h. It is neither too cold nor too warm. 8. Halloween is my favorite holiday

Thanks for coming in!