BY M.

KAVITHA 09881A0471

K.RAJITHA 09881A0490

SUPERVISOR Mr.Kalyan Chakravarthy Assistant Professor Dept of ECE

CONTENTS
Introduction
Principle Block diagram&

circuit diagram Component description Working Applications

INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly.
In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ. By using this circuit, when darkness rises to a certain value then automatically streetlight is switched ON, otherwise it will be OFF. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes.

PRINCIPLE
The automatic streetlight control system operates on 12 V DC supply.

It consists a photoconductive device

The change in voltage drop across the LDR on illumination or darkness, switches the transistor between cut-off or saturation region and switches OFF or ON the LED.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY

LDR

AMPLI FIER

SWITC H

STREET LIGHT

Power Supply
230v AC 50Hz Step down transfor mer Fullwave Rectifier Filter DC Output

COMPONENTS USED
Diode
Diode allows an electric current in one direction while blocking current in the opposite direction This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert AC to DC

Light emitting Diode

The basic principle behind the working of LED is electroluminescence

Light Dependent resistor

A light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance changes with the intensity of incident light

The working principle of light dependent resistor is photoelectric effect.

Transistors
Active Region - the transistor operates as an amplifier and IC = IB Saturation Region - the transistor is fully-ON operating as a switch and IC = Isaturation Cut-off Region - the operating as a switch and IC = 0

NPN transistor configuration

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING
AC at 220v is converted into 12v DC.

In dark, the resistance of LDR is high.

Now the output of the NAND gate N1 is low and the output of the NAND gate N2 is high. The transistors T1 and T2 are ON and the LED will glow. In sunlight, the resistance of LDR is low. Now the output of the NAND gate N1 is high and the output of the NAND gate N2 is low. The transistors T1 and T2 are OFF and the LED will turned OFF.

 Thus, by toggling the transistor between cut-off region and saturation region it is possible to switch OFF or switch ON the LED. Relay switch is connected in parallel to the LED to protect electrical circuits from overload. The capacitor C3 has been connected parallel to relay to avoid the relay from chattering during twilight threshold levels. The extent of darkness or the intensity of light at which the light should switch ON or OFF can also be tuned by adjusting the potentiometer PR1.

Advantages
Errors which occur due to manual operation also can be eliminated . cost effective. high sensitivity.

construction is simple with locally available components.

The circuit is designed in such a way that the extent of darkness at which the light has to switch ON or OFF also can be tailored whenever it is needed.

Applications:
Application : The above circuit can be powered from a battery, which can be charged during day time by harvesting the solar energy through a solar cell as shown below:

Solar cell

battery

CONCLUSION
This project AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CONTROSYSTEM can detect light intensity and automatically switches ON or OFF the street lights.
The central dogma of the circuit is that the change in voltage drop across the light dependent resistor on illumination or darkness . The circuit is designed in such a way that the extent of darkness at which the light has to switch ON or OFF also can be tailored whenever it is needed by adjusting the variable resistor used in the circuit. This project can also be extended into the Solar Street light system with Automatic street light control system.