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FACTS
FACTS DEVICES??
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve transmission systems.
1. Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) 2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs) 3. STATCOM 4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
Better utilization of existing transmission system assets Increased transmission system reliability and availability Increased dynamic and transient grid stability and reduction of loop flows Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries Environmental benefits
Voltage Limits
Low Voltage at Supply Reactive Shunt capacitor, SVC, TCSC, heavy loads Power Series STATCOM Capacitor High voltage at Remove light load Reactive Power supply Absorb Reactive Power High voltage Absorb following Reactive outage Power Protect Equipment Switch EHV SVC, TCSC, Line and\or STATCOM shunt capacitor Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM capacitor, Shunt Reactor Add shunt SVC,STATCOM reactor Add arrestor SVC
Low Voltage Supply reactive Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM following power capacitor, Outage reactor, series capacitor Prevent Overload Series Reactor, TCPAR,TCSC PAR
Thermal Limits
Add line or TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR transformer Add series SVC, TCSC reactor
Tripping of Limit Circuit Add series UPFC, TCSC Parallel loading reactor, circuit (line) capacitor Loop flows Parallel line Adjust series Add series UPFC, TCSC load sharing reactance capacitor/reac tor Adjust phase Add PAR angle Post-fault sharing TCPAR,UPFC
Rearrange PAR, Series TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCP network or Capacitor/ AR use Reactor Thermal Limit actions Phase PAR TCPAR,UPFC
Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker Limit Short-circuit Add series Reactor, new fault currents currents circuit breaker
Change breaker
Rearrange network
Split Bus
Potential Turbine
Mitigate Oscillations
Series Compensation
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 100 200 300 400 500 STATCOM
UPFC
T CSC
SVC
FSC.
FINANCIAL BENEFITS:
Projects:
Performance Verification
Projects
conditions of a grid For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of the transmission lines could be investigated an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTS devices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits.
Performance Verification
The
design of all FACTS devices should be tested in a transient network analyzer (TNA) The results of the TNA tests should be consistent with the results of the network study
Bibliography:
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www.abb.com www.siemens.com