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means of conveyance or travel (of goods and services) from one place to another.
diverse, it caters to the needs of 1.1 5billion people. Since the early 1990s, India's growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services.
roads which is just over 1% of the countrys population. In addition only 10% of the Indian households own a motorcycle. In India, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport. Indian railways is the largest and fourth most heavily utilized system in the world.
Vendors
Production Center
Customers
Infr astructure
Assets
Warehouse depots
Equipment
Drivers
History of transportation
Modes of Transportation
0 Motor
0 Air
0 Rail 0 Water 0 Pipeline 0 Intermodal
Walking Palanquin Bullock carts and horse carriages Bicycles Hand-pulled rickshaws Cycle rickshaws Trams
Modern transportation
These are the major means of transportation now a days:
Railways Road ways Air ways Water ways
Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest
railways under single management. The trains were introduced by the British in 1853. The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world.
0 Average revenue / ton-mile (1996) = 2.5 cents 0 Average haul = 720 miles 0 Average load = 80 tons 0 Key issues: 0 Scheduling to minimize delays / improve service 0 Off-track delays (at pickup and delivery end) 0 Yard operations 0 Variability of delivery times
Rail
0 Lowest overall cost per
unit weight 0 Consistent time schedule 0 Recommended with most commodity types 0 Weather
Disadvantages
0 Inflexibility 0 Potential damage of
Road transport
The total length of surfaced road in India is
around 5,50,000 km. They carry almost 90 percent of the countrys passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. Road network of India is the largest road networks(3.314 million kilometers ) in the world. India's road network consists of national highways, state highways, district roads and village roads.
Road transportation
0 1970s economic deregulation of interstate traffic 0 Lower costs
0 Accessibility
0 Small, frequent shipments
Disadvantages
0 Speed 0 Capacity 0 Range
Statistics.
Type of Road Expressways National Highways State Highways Major District Roads Rural and Other Roads Total Length Length 200 km (120 mi) 66,590 km (41,380 mi) 131,899 km (81,958 mi) 467,763 km (290,654 mi) 2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi) 3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi) (Approx)
Air transportation
There are many airlines which are operating in
India. Aircraft and plays a major role in connecting India with the rest of the world. There are almost 220 airports in India .these include all types of airports. Out of which 27 are international airports. Others include domestic airports, air force based airports and etc
Air
0 Premium transportation
0 Speed delivery
0 Range
Disadvantages
0 Price 0 Non-direct points 0 Add-on charges
0 Necessary?
Ships can take:Large volumes Long distances Slower than air travel Limited access
National waterways.
Allahabad Saidiya Kollam Bhadrachalam Mangalgadi
Pipeline
0 Transport of homogeneous
materials 0 Lower transportation costs than other modes 0 Higher initial costs 0 Unable to transport a variety of materials
Intermodal transportation
0 Use of more than one mode of transportation to move
a shipment to its destination 0 Most common example: rail/truck 0 Also water/rail/truck or water/truck 0 Grown considerably with increased use of containers 0 Increased global trade has also increased use of intermodal transportation 0 More convenient for shippers (one entity provides the complete service) 0 Key issue involves the exchange of information to facilitate transfer between different transport modes
Transportation decision
0 Economic factor
0 Shipper factor
0 Carrier factor 0 Alternative pricing strategies
Direct shipment network Direct shipping with milk runs Direct shipment via distribution centre
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