STROUD

Worked examples and exercises are in the text

PROGRAMME 15


INTEGRATION 1
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Programme 15: Integration 1
Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. For example:





where C is called the constant of integration.
3 2 2 3
( ) 3 and 3 = = +
}
d
x x x dx x C
dx
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Standard integrals
Programme 15: Integration 1
What follows is a list of basic derivatives and associated basic integrals:
1
1
( )
1
1 1
(ln ) ln
( )
( )
+

= = +
+
= = +
= = +
= = +
}
}
}
}
n
n n n
x x x x
kx
kx kx kx
d x
x nx x dx C
dx n
d
x dx x C
dx x x
d
e e e dx e C
dx
d e
e ke e dx C
dx k
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Standard integrals
Programme 15: Integration 1
2 2
( ) ln
ln
(cos ) sin sin cos
(sin ) cos cos sin
(tan ) sec sec tan
= = +
= = +
= = +
= = +
}
}
}
}
x
x x x
d a
a a a a dx C
dx a
d
x x xdx x C
dx
d
x x xdx x C
dx
d
x x xdx x C
dx
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Standard integrals
Programme 15: Integration 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
(cosh ) sinh sinh cosh
(sinh ) cosh cosh sinh
1 1
(sin ) sin
1 1
1 1
(cos ) cos
1 1


= = +
= = +
= = +


= = +

}
}
}
}
d
x x xdx x C
dx
d
x x xdx x C
dx
d
x dx x C
dx
x x
d
x dx x C
dx
x x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Standard integrals
Programme 15: Integration 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
(tan ) tan
1 1
1 1
(sinh ) sinh
1 1
1 1
(cosh ) cosh
1 1
1 1
(tanh ) tanh
1 1




= = +
+ +
= = +
+ +
= = +

= = +

}
}
}
}
d
x dx x C
dx x x
d
x dx x C
dx
x x
d
x dx x C
dx
x x
d
x dx x C
dx x x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Functions of a linear function of x

Programme 15: Integration 1
If:


then:



For example:
( ) ( ) = +
}
f x dx F x C
( )
( )
+
+ = +
}
F ax b
f ax b dx C
a
7 7
6 6
(5 4)
so that (5 4)
7 7 5

= + = +

} }
x x
x dx C x dx C
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Integrals of the form and

Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
(a)


For example:



(b)


For example:
( ) 1
( ) ln ( )
( ) ( )
'
= = +
} }
f x
dx df x f x C
f x f x
( )
2
2
2 2
2 3 ( 3 5)
ln 3 5
3 5 3 5
+ +
= = + +
+ +
} }
x d x x
dx x x C
x x x x
| |
2
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
' = = +
} }
f x
f x f x dx f x df x C
2
2
tan
tan sec tan (tan )
2
= = +
} }
x
x xdx xd x C
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Integration of products integration by parts
Programme 15: Integration 1
The parts formula is:



For example:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
} }
u x dv x u x v x v x du x
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) where ( ) so ( )
( ) so ( )
.

=
= = =
= =
=
= +
} }
}
}
x
x x
x x
x x
xe dx u x dv x
u x v x v x du x u x x du x dx
dv x e dx v x e
x e e dx
xe e C
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Integration by partial fractions
Programme 15: Integration 1
If the integrand is an algebraic fraction that can be separated into its partial
fractions then each individual partial fraction can be integrated separately.

For example:
2
1 3 2
3 2 2 1
3 2
2 1
3ln( 2) 2ln( 1)
+
| |
=
|
+
\ .
=

= +
} }
} }
x
dx dx
x x x x
dx dx
x x
x x C
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Introduction
Functions of a linear function of x
Integrals of the form and
Integration of products integration by parts
Integration by partial fractions
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Integration of trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
Many integrals with trigonometric integrands can be evaluated after
applying trigonometric identities.

For example:
( )
2
1
sin 1 cos 2
2
1 1
cos 2
2 2
sin 2
2 4
=
=
= +
} }
} }
xdx x dx
dx xdx
x x
C
STROUD
Worked examples and exercises are in the text
Learning outcomes
Integrate standard expressions using a table of standard forms

Integrate functions of a linear form

Evaluate integrals with integrands of the form and

Integrate by parts

Integrate by partial fractions

Integrate trigonometric functions
Programme 15: Integration 1
( ) / ( ) ' f x f x ( ). ( ) ' f x f x