FUZZY LOGIC BASED SUPERVISION

OF DC LINK PI CONTROL IN A DSTATCOM

Harish Suryanarayana
Doctoral Student
Energy Sources and Systems
Purdue University

OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTATION

Custom Power
The Distribution Static Compensator
Symmetrical Component Theory
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Logic Based Supervision
Simulation Results
CUSTOM POWER

It is a concept based on the use of Power
Electronic controllers in the distribution system to
supply value- added, reliable, high-quality power to
its customers.
Power Electronic Controller DSTATCOM, DVR
Distribution level : 1kV to 38kV
High Quality Power: No sags/swells/harmonics
THE DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATOR

An SSG or a Static Synchronous Generator is defined by the
IEEE as a self-commutated switching power converter supplied
from an appropriate electric energy source and operated to
produce a set of adjustable multiphase voltages, which may be
coupled to an AC power system for the purpose of exchanging
independently controllable real and reactive Power.

STATCOM : An SSG with a capacitor as the energy source is
known as a STATCOM or a Static Compensator.

DSTATCOM : When a STATCOM is used at the distribution level
or the load end, it is known as a DSTATCOM or Distribution Static
Compensator.
DSTATCOM

Courtesy : PSERC 2003 Seminar
DSTATCOM MAIN GOALS

To cancel the effect of harmonics due to load
so that the current drawn from the source is
nearly sinusoidal .
To help maintain near unity power factor by
canceling the effect of poor load power factor
To help offset the effect of unbalanced loads,
such that the current drawn from the source
is balanced.

DSTATCOM SCHEMATIC
sc
v
dc
C
PCC
Unbalanced
load
Z
c
Z
b
Z
a
Nonlinear load
L
s
R
s
sa
v
sb
v
N
n
0
i
f
i
C
dc
i
dc
v
nl
L nl
R
DC Link
S
2a
S
3a
S
1a
S
4a
S
2c
S
3c
S
1c
S
4c
S
2b
S
3b
S
1b
S
4b
'
n
L
f
R
f
i
fa
i
fb
i
fc
i
la
i
lb
i
lc
i
sa
i
sb
i
sc
A phase
H-Bri dge
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT THEORY
Any set of n unbalanced polyphase
quantities could be expressed as the sum of
n symmetrical sets of balanced phasors.
Three Phase: Positive Sequence, Negative
Sequence and Zero Sequence


(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

c
b
a
a
a
a
i
i
i
a a
a a
i
i
i
2
2
2
1
0
1
1
1 1 1
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT THEORY

Source Currents are balanced.


Only the average load power is supplied by the source.


Relation between Source Currents and Source Voltages.


All equations in matrix form.







0
sa sb sc
i i i + + =
sa sa sb sb sc sc lavg
v i v i v i P + + =
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

lavg sc sb sa
sc sb sa sb sa sc sa sc sb
sc
sb
sa
p v v v
v v v v v v v v v
i
i
i
0
0
3 3 3
1 1 1
1

( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 0
sb sc sa sa sc sa sb sb sa sb sc sc
v v v i v v v i v v v i + + =
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT THEORY

Reference Compensator Currents.






Reference Compensator Currents with loss.









( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
*
*
*
sa sb sc
fa la sa la lavg
sb sc sa
fb lb sb lb lavg
sc sa sb
fc lc sc lc lavg
v v v
i i i i P
v v v
i i i i P
v v v
i i i i P

+
= =
A
+
= =
A
+
= =
A
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
*
*
*
sa sb sc
fa la sa la lavg loss
sb sc sa
fb lb sb lb lavg loss
sc sa sb
fc lc sc lc lavg loss
v v v
i i i i P P
v v v
i i i i P P
v v v
i i i i P P

+
= = +
A
+
= = +
A
+
= = +
A
2
, ,
sj
j a b c
v
=
A

tan( ) 3 |
FUZZY LOGIC

Concept introduced in 1965 by Lotfi. A.
Zadeh
Crisp set and Fuzzy set. Ex. Set of tall
people.

Diagram of a crisp set and a fuzzy set.

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

The four main components of a Fuzzy Controller.
1) The Fuzzification Interface
2) The Inference Mechanism
3) The Rule Base
4) The Defuzzification Interface
Fuzzification
Inference
Mechanism
Rule Base
Defuzzification
Input Output
FUZZY CONTROLLER
Inputs:

Outputs:

Calculation of P
loss


ref
dc dc
err(i) = v - v (i)
derr(i) = err(i) - err(i-1)
p pref p
K K K = + A
i iref i
K K K = + A
( ) ( )
ref ref
loss p dc dc i dc dc
P K v v K v v dt = +
}
FUZZIFICATION
Inputs to the Fuzzy controller: Error and change in
error of the capacitor voltage.
5 10 15 -5 -10 -15 0
1
err(t) in Volts

PL Z PS PM NL
N
M
NS
5 10 15 -5 -10 -15
0
1

PL Z PS PM NL NS
derr(t)in Volts
NM
INFERENCE MECHANISM
The two main functions of the inference mechanism are:

a) Based on the active membership functions in error and the change in error
inputs, the rules which apply for the current situation are determined.
b) Once the rules which are on are determined, the certainty of the control
action is ascertained from the membership values. This is known as
premise quantification. ( Minimum Operation used )
" " is (positive large)
" " is (positive medium)
" " is ( Large Kp )
" "
IF
error PL
change in error PM
THEN
Kp L
Ki


A
A is ( Small Ki ) SKi
RULE BASE
Capacitor Voltage Waveform during a load change
time(s)
Z
NS
NL
PS
PM
PL
err < 0
Volts
NM
derr>0 derr<0 derr>0 derr<0
err > 0
derr
err
NL NM NS Z PS PM PL
NL L L L M S S Z
NM L L M S S Z S
NS L M S S Z Z Z
Z M Z Z Z Z Z M
PS Z Z Z S S M L
PM S Z S S M L L
PL Z S S M L L L
derr
err
NL NM NS Z PS PM PL
NL SK
i
SK
i
SK
i
Z Z Z Z
NM SK
i
SK
i
SK
i
Z Z Z Z
NS LK
i
LK
i
LK
i
Z Z Z Z
Z LK
i
LK
i
LK
i
Z LK
i
LK
i
LKi
PS Z Z Z Z LK
i
LK
i
LK
i

PM Z Z Z Z SK
i
SK
i
SK
i

PL Z Z Z Z SK
i
SK
i
SK
i

Rule base for K
p
Rule base for K
i

FUZZY CONTROLLER
Inputs:

Outputs:

Calculation of P
loss


ref
dc dc
err(i) = v - v (i)
derr(i) = err(i) - err(i-1)
p pref p
K K K = + A
i iref i
K K K = + A
( ) ( )
ref ref
loss p dc dc i dc dc
P K v v K v v dt = +
}
DSTATCOM SCHEMATIC
sc
v
dc
C
PCC
Unbalanced
load
Z
c
Z
b
Z
a
Nonlinear load
L
s
R
s
sa
v
sb
v
N
n
0
i
f
i
C
dc
i
dc
v
nl
L nl
R
DC Link
S
2a
S
3a
S
1a
S
4a
S
2c
S
3c
S
1c
S
4c
S
2b
S
3b
S
1b
S
4b
'
n
L
f
R
f
i
fa
i
fb
i
fc
i
la
i
lb
i
lc
i
sa
i
sb
i
sc
A phase
H-Bri dge
SIMULATION VALUES
System Parameters Values
Supply voltage 220V (phase-rms), 50 Hz
Unbalanced load
R
la
= 50 O, L
la
= 20 mH
R
lb
= 35 O, L
lb
= 40 mH
R
la
= 70 O, L
la
= 20 mH
Non-linear load Three-phase full wave rectifier drawing a dc current of 5 A
DC capacitor 2200 F
Interface inductor L
f
= 20 mH, R
f
= 5 O
Reference dc link voltage 500 V
Hysteresis band 0.6 A
Gains tuned using the Energy concept K
p
= 110, K
i
= 55
SIMULATION RESULTS

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Nonlinear Unbalanced Load Currents
Time in seconds
C
u
r
r
e
n
t

i
n

A
m
p
e
r
e
s
phase-a phase-b phase-c
SIMULATION RESULTS
Filter Current - Reference and Actual
0.1 0.102 0.104 0.106 0.108 0.11 0.112 0.114 0.116 0.118 0.12
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Time in seconds
C
u
r
r
e
n
t

i
n

A
m
p
e
r
e
s
Ref erence and Actual Filter Currents in Phase A
Reference compensator current actual current
SIMULATION RESULTS
Source Currents Balanced and Sinusoidal
0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Actual Source Current Wavef orms
Time in seconds
C
u
r
r
e
n
t

i
n

A
m
p
e
r
e
s
phase-a phase-b phase-c
SIMULATION RESULTS
Normally tuned PI and Fuzzy Supervised waveforms
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
DC link Voltages - Normally tuned and Fuzzy tuned
Time in
seconds
D
C

L
i
n
k

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

i
n
V
o
l
t
s
Normally tuned PI
Fuzzy superv ised PI
SUMMARY TAKE HOME POINTS

The DSTATCOM can be used to ensure
balanced and sinusoidal source currents
even if the load is unbalanced and non-
linear.
Fuzzy supervision of the DC link PI controller
can be used to reduce the error in DC
Capacitor voltage during load change.