IBNU KHALDUN

A PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL SCIENTIST

Juffri Supaat & Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Scope
1.

As An Individual
A Muslim Scholar

2.

The Community
Structure, Norms and Development

3.

Nature of the Information Sources

Orthodox, Philosophy & Intellectual Sciences

4.

Conclusion
What can we learnt

Ibnu Khaldun
As An Individual
A Muslim Scholar

Biography
Arab Scholar
Medieval era
Name Birth Death School / Tradition Ibn Khaldun [Ab Zayd Abdu r-Raman bin Muammad bin Khaldn al-aram] 27 May, 1332/732 AH 19 March, 1406/808 AH Ash'ari [It was instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic theology, separating its
development radically from that of theology in the Christian world.]

Main Interests
Notable Ideas Influences Influenced

Sociology, History, Historiography, Demography, Economics, Philosophy of History,

Asabiyah Al-Razi [a fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, and
philosophy, recorded in over 184 books and articles in various fields of science.]

Al-Maqrizi, Social sciences [remarkable in this context for his unusually keen interest in
the Ismaili Fatimid dynasty and its role in Egyptian history]

Quotation attributed to Ibn Khaldun

"He who finds a new path is a pathfinder, even if the trail has to be found again by others; and he who walks far ahead of his contemporaries is a leader, even though centuries pass before he is recognized as such."

About Ibnu Khaldun

Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman Ibnu Khaldun received a good education. served as assistant and secretary to several government officials. career was dependent on the good will of his superiors, changed jobs frequently when political winds shifted. led an extremely eventful life, traveling to, among other places, Mecca, Damascus. Palestine and Seville, and occasionally finding enough leisure time to teach, study, and write. Among the notable personalities Ibn Khaldun encountered in his adventures were King Pedro I of Castile and Timur.

Education & Early Years

Family social and political activist received a classical Arabic education, studying the Qur'an and Arabic linguistics, the basis for an understanding of the Qur'an, Hadith [1] and Fiqh [2] mathematics, logic and philosophy lost both his parents to an epidemic of the plague which hit Tunis, when he was 17 years old In a typical Muslim family, follow family tradition is common, that is where he strove for a political career And he life adventure begin, in which he spends time in prison, reaches the highest offices and falls again into exile.

[1] Hadith relating to the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad. [2] Fiqh is an expansion of Islamic law, complemented by the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct

His writing

most significant work is the Muqaddimah. "introduction" to history, he discussed historical method and provided the necessary criteria for distinguishing historical truth from error. considered one of the most phenomenal works on the philosophy of history ever written where he related the social impact of a community or event. In this action, this play a big impact to the Muslim society, where we are going to share about the Muqaddimah and the sociological view.

His Adventure

continued education, social and political began

Become a judge and held post in may courts of the Maghrib & Andalunisa (Spain)

play an important role in the political one reasons why he have travel because he leadership of Sevilla to find that scholar from that institution in
order to fulfill his knowledge desire

Ibnu Khaldun
The Community
Structure, Norms and Development

Muqaddimah

What is Muqaddima?
Teaching

is a Craft An important role in providing conceptual and paradigmatic frameworks as well as an epistemological foundation of the study of human society.

THE MAGNUM OPUS "ALMUQADDIMAH"

This impressive document is a gist of his wisdom and hard earned experience. use his political and first had knowledge of the people of Maghrib to formulate many of his ideas. discussion of Tribal societies and social forces would be the most interesting part of his thesis. His theories of the science of Umran (sociology) are all pearls of wisdom

The Structure of Muqaddimah

Chap 1 : Human civilization in general Chap 2 : Bedouin civilization, savage nation and tribes and their condition of life, including several basic and explanatory statements Chap 3 : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks and all the goes with these things (basic & supplementary propositions)

The Structure of Muqaddimah

Chap 4 : Countries & cities and all forms sedentary civilization. The conditions occuring there. Primary and secondary considerations in this connection Chap 5 : On the various aspects of making a living, such as profit and the crafts. The conditions that occur in this connection. A number of problems are connected with this subject. Chap 6 : The various kinds of sciences. The methods of instruction. The conditions that obtain in these condition

The Norms

Sedentary cultural is the goal of civilisation.

The

end of its life span and brings about it corruption

Cities that are the seats of royal authority fall into ruin when ruling dynasty crumbles and falls into ruin Certain Cities have crafts that others lack

The Norms

The existence of group feeling in cities and the superiority of the inhabitants over others The dialects of the urban population

The Community

Nomadic (al-umran al-badawi)

Sedentary societies (al-umran al-hadari)

Sedentary societies (alumran alhadari)

Nomadic (alumran albadawi)

Relevance to Contemporary Sociology

Ibnu Khaldun and Auguste Comte

Both

emphasized a historical method & did not propose statistical methods Both distinguished their sciences from what proceeded them Both believed human nature in the same everywhere Both recognised the importance of social change

Ibnu Khaldun
Nature of the Information Sources

Orthodox & Philosophy

Orthodox

Philosophy
Primary

Believe the ultimate truth about man and society must referred to the
Quran, the prophetic tradition (hadith) and (fiqih)

of rational inquiry over revelation in both the theoretical & practical sciences

The Various Kinds of Intellectual Sciences

Logic Metaphysical & Spiritual Matters Physics

Mathematical Sciences
Geometry Arithmetic

Music
Astronomy

Ibnu Kaldun
Conclusion & Discussion
What can we learnt