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PLCC

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

Undertaken at

RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDHYUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED

KIRAN PRAKASH JANGID 2008UEC120 EC-1

RAJASTHAN STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD

Started from 1 July 1957. big organization and functions under provisional electricity act. It has been divided in three main parts. a. Electricity production (RRVUNL). b. Electricity transmission (RRVPNL). c. Distribution authority (JDVVNL(jodhpur), AVVNL(ajmer)).

CONTENTS

1 2 3 4 5 6

INTRODUCTION OF PLCC BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PLCC CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC TYPES OF COUPLING

BATTERY CHARGER
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC

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INTRODUCTION OF PLCC
Use for telecommunication between electrical substations through power lines of high voltages such as 32kv,132kv,200kv,400kv etc. PLCC integrates transmission of communication signals & 50Hz power signal through the same cable. Use for point to point communication send/receive following signal. Speech signal. Data telemetering. Tele protection. Amplitude modulation is used and the range of carrier frequency is from 50 kHz to 500 kHz.

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INTRODUCTION OF PLCC
Speech signal bandwidth according to requirement of customer generally in PLCC 300-2000Hz is used. Data / Telemetering Send and receive signal for telemetering . 2000-3000Hz bandwidth is used. Tele protection During the fault trip signal is sent or received through protection coupler which activate relaying system.

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BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PLCC

Telephone communication system cant be directly connected to high power line. Therefore we have to used coupling device which can block the high power frequency signal and transmit carrier frequency. In PLCC the higher mechanical strength and insulation level of high voltage power lines result in increased reliability of communication and lower attenuation over long-distance. Carrier currents used for communication have to be prevented from entering the power equipment used in GSS as this would result in high attenuation even complete loss of communication signals when earthed at isolator.

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BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PLCC

Line and block diagram of communication system of PLCC
WAVE TRAP WAVE TRAP

COUPLING CAPACITOR

CC

LMU Control panel Earthing switch Control panel

LMU ES LA

LA

Station A

Station B

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SPECIFICATION OF PLCC 1
GENERAL Carrier frequency range- 40 to 512 KHZ Useful AF band300 to 3,700HZ

2
TRANSMITTOR
R.F.TRANSMITTING POWER;

3
POWER SUPPLY DC supply-: 24 V Capacity-: 800 AH Power consumption < 80 W

peak envelope power:- 25w side band power 15w

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CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
In PLCC following component are used PLCC control panel Line matching unit Coupling capacitor Earth switching Wave trap Lighting arrestor Coaxial cable

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CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
PLCC control panel- It is the station where (modulation) Transmitting, receiving (demodulation), Amplification, Filtration are performed. Description of panel cardsE3EC E5EA B5EC B3EA B3EB P5EA P3EC E3ED Rx RF filter Transmitter filter Power supply 40 volt regulator 24 volt regulator Power amplifier Receive IF demodulator Receive IF filter

CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
Description of panel cards-

P3ED P3EF O3EE O3EG E3EF O3EA O3EC P3EA E3EA P3EB E3EB

RF & AGC modulator Receive IF modulator Telephone adaptor Voice amplifier Voice filter Tele operational input Signal adaptor Transmit IF modulator Transmit IF filter Transmit radio frequency modulator Transmit pre filter

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CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
Coupling capacitor-It is connected to the line matching unit and the power line this is used for blocking the high voltage entering to the PLCC Equipment. Earth switch-This is used at the time of maintenance of LMU. Wave trap-(WTs) are used between the transmission line and the power stations to avoid carrier power dislocation in the power plant and cross talk with other power line carrier circuits connected to the same power station. Coaxial cable-This is used for inter connection between PLCC & L.M.U for carrying the high frequency signal.

Coupling capacitor

Wave trap

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CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
Lighting arrestor- Lightning arresters are devices used to stop lightning which can damage electrical power systems. Lightning arresters catch surges in electrical wiring & directing them to grounding cables ,which directs the current into the ground. 1. It should not absorb any current during normal operation, but during over voltage surge it must provide an easy way to the earth. 2. After the over voltage discharge, it must be capable of interrupting the normal frequency of current from flowing to ground as soon as voltages reaches below break down value.

Lighting arrestor

CONSTRUCTION OF PLCC
Line matching unit- The output of PLCC is connected to the line matching unit before to the power lines to achieve the proper impedance matching in between PLCC Equipment and power line.

Line matching unit

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TYPE OF COUPLING
PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING INTERCIRCUIT COUPLING

Out of 3 only one wire is used for communication. Oldest type of coupling

Out of three phase wire two wire is used for communication. If one wire get damaged then communication can take place by other wire

Same as P2P coupling difference is that the two conductors used for communication belong to two different power circuit on common towers

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TYPE OF COUPLING
PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING

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TYPE OF COUPLING
INTERCIRCUIT COUPLING

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TYPE OF COUPLING
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHASE TO GROUND AND PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING The phase to ground coupling has higher attenuation. Reflections 7echoes due to mismatch difficulties are much greater in phases to ground coupling. Radiation in phase to ground coupling is twice than p-to-p coupling. A break or fault of some other kind in p-to-g coupling much more seriously than in p-to-p coupling. PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING In phase to phase coupling, attenuation is varies with station conditions. S/N ratio is poor due to longitudinal noise voltage induced in line in phase to phase coupling; the noise voltage cancels them because equal voltages are induced in each one conductor which opposes each other in the circuit.

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BATTERY CHARGER
PLCC works on rectified AC or main, when supply goes off we can make use or a device for proper functioning called battery charger. This is the device that provides supplied to the PLCC equipment for uninterrupted working. It provides DC to the panel by battery of 48 volt. Battery charger consists of four sections Float charger Boost charger section Control section Alarm section

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ADVANTAGES OF PLCC
No separate wires are needed for communication purposes, as the power lines themselves carry power as well as communication signals. Hence the cost is less.
Power lines have appreciably higher mechanical strength compared with ordinary lines. They would normally remain unaffected under the conditions, which might seriously damage telephone lines. Power lines usually provide the shortest route between the power stations. Power lines have large cross-sectional area resulting in very low resistance per unit length. Consequently carrier signals suffer much less attenuation than when they travel on telephone lines of equal lengths. Power lines are well insulated to provide only negligible leakage between conductors and ground even in adverse weather conditions. Largest spacing between conductors reduces capacitance, which results in smaller attenuation at high frequencies. The large spacing also reduces the cross talk to a considerable extent.

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DISADVANTAGES OF PLCC
Proper care has to be taken to guard carrier equipment and persons using them against high voltages and currents on the lines. Reflections are produced on spur lines connected to high voltage lines. This increases attenuation and creates problem. High voltage lines have transformer connections, attenuate carrier currents. Sub-station equipment adversely affect the carrier currents. Noise introduced by power lines is far more than in case of telephone lines. This is due to the noise generated by discharge across insulators, corona and switching processes.

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