Professional Documents
Culture Documents
H.
Wright brothers
Wilbur
Orville
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Gustave Whitehead
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Structure of early machines: Wings of bent wooden ribs covered with fabric Body of open frameworks of wood strips lashed together with wire Landing gear were skids
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World War I: metal tube truss construction Welded thinwalled metal tube covered with fabric lighter weight and stronger
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Aluminum skin
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I. Evolution of Aircraft Structures II. Types of Aircraft Structures: A. That Produce Lift B. That Produce Control C. That Modify Lift D. That Aid Control E. That Hold People F. That Support the Aircraft (Ground) G. That Hold the Powerplant H. Rotorcraft
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Since 1930s:
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Early 1950s:
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Aloha Airlines Patio Seating Part 91 General Boeing 737-297 General Required Equipment April 28, 1988
Altimeter & Static System, Transponder, ELT, Hard/Overweight Landing, Severe Turbulence, Aging Aircraft Aging Aircraft 91.410 For certain older Large Aircraft the Pressure Vessel must be specially inspected after so many Pressurization Cycles Also, after Dec. 16, 2008 all turbine-powered transport category aircraft must have their fuel tank systems specially inspected and maintained
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Bernoullis Principle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Bernoullis Principle
HOW?
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Bernoullis Principle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Bernoullis Principle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Bernoullis Principle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Newtons Laws
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Newtons Laws Downwash Angle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Newtons Laws Greater Downwash Angle
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Newtons Laws Too Much Downwash Angle
STALL!
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK Lift Theories: Newtons Laws = Too Little Downwash Angle
STALL!
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE CENTER OF OF ATTACK GRAVITY CENTER OF LIFT NOSE-HEAVY AIRCRAFT
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF EXTERNAL ATTACK CANTILEVER (NO STRUTS)
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK WINGLETS
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Structures That Produce Lift: To create Lift, an AIRFOIL must be moved through the air at an ANGLE OF ATTACK WINGLETS
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to be some way to control the maneuvering of theLEFT aircraft ROLL: AILERONS BANK
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to be some way to control the Elevator Action maneuvering of the aircraft YAW:
RUDDERVATORS
Rudder Action
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO DECREASE STALLSPEED TO ALLOW HIGHER ANGLES OF ATTACK TO CONTROL THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO DECREASE STALLSPEED FLAPS TRAILING EDGE LEADING EDGE
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS PLAIN FLAP
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS SPLIT FLAP
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS SLOTTED FLAP
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS FOWLER FLAP
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TRAILING EDGE FLAPS TRIPLE SLOTTED FOWLER FLAP
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): LEADING EDGE FLAPS DROOPED KRUEGER
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO ALLOW HIGHER ANGLES OF ATTACK SLOTS SLATS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): SLOTS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO DECREASE STALL SPEED TO ALLOW HIGHER ANGLES OF ATTACK SLATS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO DECREASE STALL SPEED TO ALLOW HIGHER ANGLES OF ATTACK SLATS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO CONTROL THE BOUNDARY LAYER UPPER SURFACE SUCTION FLAP AUGMENTATION
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: AUXILIARY LIFT DEVICES (HIGH LIFT DEVICES): TO DECREASE STALL SPEED TO ALLOW HIGHER ANGLES OF ATTACK SUCTION
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: STALL CONTROL DEVICES: WANT WING ROOT TO STALL FIRST
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: STALL CONTROL DEVICES: WANT WING ROOT TO STALL FIRST STALL STRIP OR TWISTED WING
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: STALL CONTROL DEVICES: SHOCK INDUCED SEPARATION @ Critical Mach Number
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: STALL CONTROL DEVICES: SHOCK INDUCED SEPARATION VORTEX GENERATORS
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Structures That Modify Lift: the Landing and Takeoff To shorten rolls and to allow more weight to be carried: STALL CONTROL DEVICES: SHOCK INDUCED SEPARATION VORTEX GENERATORS TIP VORTICES
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: SECONDARY CONTROLS OR TABS: FIXED TRIM TAB
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: SECONDARY CONTROLS OR TABS: ADJUSTABLE TRIM TAB
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: SECONDARY CONTROLS OR TABS: SERVO TAB
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: SECONDARY CONTROLS OR TABS: ANTI-SERVO TAB
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: SECONDARY CONTROLS OR TABS: SPRING TAB
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: OTHER AIDS: RUDDER OVERHANG OR BALANCE SURFACE
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Structures That Aid Control: To allow the aircraft to be flown Hands-off and to aid the pilot in moving the controls: OTHER AIDS:
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Structures That Hold People: To protect the crew and passengers, withstand the stresses created in flight and landing, and mount all other major components Truss Pratt Longerons Struts Wire Stays
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Structures That Hold People: To protect the crew and passengers, withstand the stresses created in flight and landing, and mount all other major components Truss Warren Metal Tubing
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Reciprocating (Piston) Engines: The engine is attached inside the cowling to an ENGINE MOUNT which may be: Semimonocoq ue Welded tubular
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Reciprocating (Piston) Engines: The engine is attached inside the cowling to an ENGINE MOUNT which may be Semimonocoque Welded tubular Rails or Cradle
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Reciprocating (Piston) Engines: On all, the engine is attached to the mount by RUBBER SHOCK MOUNTS Known generically as Lord Mounts
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Turbine (Jet) Engines: Turbine engines are mounted in PODS or NACELLES under the wings or on the side of the rear fuselage or inside the fuselage The pods are attached with 03/29/13
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Rotorcraft:
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Structures : Rotorcraft:
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