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Noise Control
Defining noise oCommon definition: Unwanted sound oInformation theory context: Noise is that auditory stimulus or stimuli bearing no informational relationship to the presence of completion of the immediate task
5% of individuals exposed to 80dBA noise levels develop a significant hearing loss. 5-15% for 85dBA exposure 15-25% for 90dBA exposure
T (min)
480 2
( L 90 ) / 5
T (min)
480 2
( L 85 ) / 3
90dBA for 8 hours 95dBA for 4 hours 100dBA for 2 hours 105dBA for 1 hour 110dBA for 30 minutes 115dBA for 15 minutes 125dBA for 3.75 minutes 135dBA for .94 minutes
85dBA for 8 hours 88dBA for 4 hours 92dBA for 2 hours 95dBA for 1 hour 98dBA for 30 minutes 101dBA for 15 minutes 115dBA for .5 minutes
Dosimeter
Dose %=(Time/8)100
A worker who is exposed to the following noise during a shift of work (8 hours): 95 dBA 3.5h 105 dBA 0.5h 85 dBA 4.0h 100[(3.5h/4)+(.5/1)+(4/16)]=163. 5
163.5
93.5
We can not add and subtract decibel quantities For example, two 60 dB sources:
60 dB+ 60 dB <> 120 dB
Instead: SPL = 10 log10 (2P2/Pref2) SPL = 10 log10 (P2/Pref2)+10 log10 (2) SPL = 10 log10 (P2/Pref2) +3 Therefore: New SPL=OLD SPL + 3dB
Noise Contouring
Dilation of pupil
Vasoconstriction
Path
Blocking, active interference, absorbing
Receiver
Hearing protection
Worse
cont
cont
Less annoyance
Avoid resonance
Perforated
Panels
Path Controls
Enclosures and shields
Effective for high frequency noise Low frequency noise requires a full enclosure
Distance
Doubling distance = - 6 dB
Absorption
Passive and active (- 3 to 7 dB)
Receiver Controls
Required at levels above 85 dBA TWA Types Insert muff Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) Noise Exposure = dBA + 7 NRR Ideal conditions
Earplugs
Earmuffs
Both
Path
Blocking, active interference, absorbing
Receiver
Hearing protection
Worse