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The intermediate layer is highly vascular and pigmented ---> Uveal tract. It is composed of 3 parts => iris, ciliary body and choroid. The iris is a circular disc with an aperture at the center => pupil. It can change in size to control the amount of light entering the eye.
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The choroid lines the sclera and covers the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball. It is a very thin layer which contains the receptors for vision=> rods& cones.
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Rods lying at periphery & responsible for vision in dim light. cones lying at center & responsible for vision in bright light. The most important part for vision is =>macula. The nerve fibers of the retina collect to form the optic nerve & carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain.
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The lens lies behind the iris & is kept in place by the suspensory ligament which connects the edge of lens to ciliary processes. The lens is biconvex in shape & transparent to collect the light rays onto the retina. The lens divides the cavity of the eye ball into small anterior one & big posterior one. Anterior=>A H. Posterior=> vitreous.
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2- Ocular adnexae
Two eye lids Conjunctiva Lacrimal system Extra ocular muscles
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The two eye lids are mobile mucocutaneous folds which protect the eye from different sources of injury.
The two eye lids are closed by orbicularis oculi muscle supplied by the facial nerve and are opened by the levator supplied by oculomotor nerve.
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Conjunctiva : Transparent mucous membrane covering the outer surface of the eyeball except the cornea, and lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids.
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Lacrimal system
The lacrimal gland secretes the tears which washes the surface of the eye & keeps it moist & clear. The tears are drained through the lacrimal drainage system into the nasal cavity.
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EOM is =>6. 4 recti. 2 obliques. Supplied by 3rd cranial nerve Except SO =>Trochlear n. L R=> Abducent n. They move the eye ball in all directions of gaze.
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4 recti. 2 obliques. Supplied by 3rd cranial nerve Except SO =>Trochlear n. L R=> Abducent n. They move the eye ball in all directions of gaze.
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1_levator__CN3 2_S.RECTUS__CN3
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Blepharitis:
Chronic inflammation of skin of lid margin. Infective=> bad hygiene. Ttt:- good hygeine. - antibiotic ED& Oint.
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Bell's palsy
Lower motor facial palsy . Inability to close the eye . Deviation of the angle of the mouth to the healthy side. Dryness corneal ulcer & opacities. Loss of vision. Ttt:- E D, O & cover. Physiotherapy.
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The cornea
Diseses of the cornea: Cogenital. Traumatic. Inflammmatory.
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Cornea :Transparent, dome-shaped front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber and provides most of an eye's optical power.
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The cornea should be stained with fluorescein eye drops. If this is not done, many lesions, including large corneal ulcers, may be missed.
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