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Globalism
Globalism is a state of the world involving networks of interdependence at multicontinental distances. The linkages occur through flows and influences of capital and goods, information and ideas and people and forces as well as environmentally and biologically relevant substances. The scope and space of globalism is very large. Globalization thus involves an incomplete process of change of material, nonmaterial, demographic and institutional elements on a global scale. It is difficult to define such ongoing comprehensive and massive changes, 4
Main elements of Stiglitzs definition 2. Integration of peoples. The share of migrants in total population of developed countries (including migrants from developed and developing countries) increased from 4.4 percent in 1960 to 11.4% in 2005- equivalent to an estimated 112 million persons. Remittances of workers was less than $1 billion in 1970; it was $68.7 billion in 1990 and $443.3 billion in 2008.
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MNCs
A multinational Corporation is defined as a corporation that has its management headquarters in one country known as home country and operates in several other countries known as host countries. The British East India company established on 31st December, 1599 was the first MNC. Such MNCs were used as instruments of imperialism and for extraction of raw materials from colonies to mother countries. They are now the main instruments of Foreign Direct Investment. In the past, they were villains. Now they are hailed as heroes of development.
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2. Outsourcing
Outsourcing involve contracting out of a business function which was previously performed by the business itself. If the contract for the supply of a good or service is made with a supplier outside the country, it is also called offshoring or offshore outsourcing. There are two types of outsourcing: (1) outsourcing of components in manufacturing. This implies that Made in America Cars may be made of nonAmerican components (2) outsourcing of a specific segment of a service e.g. call centers , billing etc.
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9.Relevance of nation-states.
The unrestricted power of the State has been curtailed by international institutions (such as WTO , IMF) and agreements. Sovereignty is no longer an all or nothing matter. Sovereign power has to be exercised within constraints. The nation state is too small to solve big international problems and too big to address small local problem. The role of the state has to be redefined in the context of globalization.
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Is Globalization new?
1. Globalization is an ongoing process. It speeded up after the discovery of America. Case studies of Bengali culture Food (chili, potato, tomato, cauliflower etc,) Dress Music Language Environment. Water Hyacinth
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Main issues
1. Difficulties of definition- too large and incomplete 2. Descriptions- twelve major components.
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