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Language of Time

Monochronic or M-time Focus on one thing at a time View time as linear and as a precious resource Emphasize both making schedules and sticking to them Particular about being on time for meetings,appointments ,and special schedules 3/20/13

Polychronic Time

Relationships and interactions are given priority over time and schedules Time is viewed as circular Arrive late for meetings and miss their deadlines Engage in multitasking
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Language of SpaceProxemics

The language of space varies across cultures In most cultures, the highest authority has the biggest office In US, the most important offices are located on the upper floors and in corners In Japan,offices have open layouts. The supervisor sits with the team

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Proxemics

In cities like Tokyo and Hong Kong, homes and offices are small because of space constraints. The use of personal space also varies between cultures. The Japanese, Indians and most Asians do not appreciate being touched in the business context Latin Americans and Arabs touch 3/20/13 each other often

High-Context Cultures

Context is information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message-like the tone of the voice, body language, facial expressions and even silences Communication is implicit. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of the context than on the words many things are left 3/20/13 unsaid

Low-context cultures

Communication is explicit Emphasis is on the words and the entire message is understood through words used. Context is not given importance

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Things

Emphasis on possession of material things in a culture. Americans like using the latest gadgets Japanese are not driven by materialism

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Language of Friendship

Refers to the patterns of making friends. In certain countries ,friendships are formed and dropped easily e.g. US In other countries, it takes time to make friends but are long-lasting e.g. Asian countries

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Language of Agreement

Every nation has its preference for making agreements In US, detailed written contracts are necessary for business deals Other cultures may not treat written agreements with as much respect and do not regard them binding e.g China,Russia
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