ARTIFICIAL LIFT

Presented by: Tanmay S Kulkarni - Geologist Rahul M Puranik - F&AO Dipak Kumar Pathak - AEE(D) Dinesh Kumar Yadav AEE(D) Pawan Kumar Yadav - AEE(M)

GT 2013 (Batch-I)

08 March 2013

Contents

Definition Purpose and Methods Influencing Factors Gas Lift Pump Assisted Lift General Guidelines

Definition
Artificial lift is a supplement to natural energy for lifting well fluid to the surface. When a self flowing oil well ceases to flow or is not able to deliver the required quantity to the surface, the additional energy is supplemented either by mechanical means or by injecting compressed gas

Purpose and Methods

The purpose of artificial lift is to create a steady low pressure or reduced pressure in the well bore against the reservoir face, so as to allow the well fluid to come into the well bore thus creating a steady production. Maintaining a steady flowing bottom hole pressure, is the fundamental basis for the design of any artificial lift installation. This is to be accomplished by 2 means: 1. Gas lift: By compressed gas where in the tubing intake pressure requirement is reduced to meet the desired flow rate as in the case of gas lift. 2. Pump Assisted Lifts: By mechanical means where in the additional energy is supplemented by mechanical means such as Sucker Rod Pump, Electrical Submergible Pump, Hydraulic Jet Pump, etc.

Influencing Factors
Artificial lift considerations should ideally be part of the well planning process.

Future lift requirements will be based on the overall reservoir exploitation

strategy, and will have a strong impact on the well design. Some of the key factors that influence the selection of an artificial lift method

Reservoir

Characteristics:

Inflow

Performance

Relationship,

Liquid

Production rate, Water cut, Gas liquid ratio, Viscosity, Formation value factor, Reservoir drive mechanism

Hole Characteristics: Well depth, Completion type, Casing and tubing sizes, Well bore deviation

Influencing Factors

Surface Characteristics: Flow rates, Fluid contaminants, Powers

sources, Field location

Field Operating Characteristics: Long range recovery plans, Pressure maintenance operations, Enhanced oil recovery

processes, Field automation, Availability of operating and service personnel and support services

Gas Lift

Gas lift involves injecting high-pressure gas from the surface into the producing fluid column through one or more subsurface valves set at predetermined depths There are two main types of gas lift:

Continuous gas lift, where gas is injected in a constant, uninterrupted

stream. This lowers the overall density of the fluid column and reduces the
hydrostatic component of the flowing bottomhole pressure. This method is generally applied to wells with high productivity indexes.

Intermittent gas lift, which is designed for lower-productivity wells. In this type of gas lift installation, a volume of formation fluid accumulates inside the production tubing. A high-pressure slug of gas is then injected below the liquid, physically displacing it to the surface. As soon as the fluid is produced, gas injection is interrupted, and the cycle of liquid accumulation-

Gas Lift

Pump Assisted Lift

Downhole pumps are used to increase pressure at the bottom of the tubing

string by an amount sufficient to lift fluid to the surface. These pumps fall
into two basic categories: positive displacement pumps and dynamic displacement pumps.

Positive displacement pump works by moving fluid from a suction chamber

to a discharge chamber. This basic operating principle applies to

reciprocating rod pumps (SRPs), hydraulic piston pumps and progressive cavity pumps (PCPs).

Dynamic displacement pump works by causing fluid to move from inlet to outlet under its own momentum, as is the case with a centrifugal pump. Dynamic displacement pumps commonly used in artificial lift include electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) and hydraulic jet pumps.

Sucker Rod Pumps (Reciprocating)

Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP)

Electrical Submersible Pump

An electric submersible pumping (ESP) assembly consists of a downhole centrifugal pump driven

by a submersible electric motor,

which is connected to a power source at the surface

Hydraulic Pump

Hydraulic pump systems use a power fluidusually light oil or waterthat is injected from the surface to operate a downhole pump. Multiple wells can

be produced using a single surface

power fluid installation

General Guidelines

General Guidelines

General Guidelines