A Technical Seminar Presentation on Mesh Topology

2012-2013

Seminar coordinator :Ms. Smriti Sachan Mr. Amit Kr. Jain

Presented By:Rahul Pipalwa IV year ECE-b (EC/09/40)

CONTENTS

Introduction to Data Communications. Five Components of Data Communication. NETWORKS Type of Connection Definition of various mesh topology. History Full Mesh Topology. A partial mesh topology Wired mesh Wireless mesh Advantages & Disadvantage

INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATIONS

The term telecommunication means communication at a distance. The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data. Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.

FIVE COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

FIVE COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

Message:
text,

number, images, audio, and video

Sender and Receiver

devices

that send/receive data message Computer, workstation, telephone, TV, etc.

Transmission medium
Physical

path thru which the message travels

Protocol
Set

of rules governing data communications

NETWORKS

A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.

NETWORK CRITERIA

Performance
Mostly

measured by throughput and delay

Reliability
The

frequency of failure Recovery time from a failure

Security
Protecting
Damage

data from
access

unauthorized

TYPE OF CONNECTION
Point-to-Point Multipoint (multi-drop)

PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
Mesh topology Star topology Bus topology Ring topology Hybrid topology

DEFINITION OF VARIOUS MESH TOPOLOGY:

A local area network that employs either a full mesh topology or partial mesh topology Full mesh topology- each node is connected directly to each of the others Partial mesh topology- some nodes are connected to all the others, but some of them are only connected to nodes with which they exchange the most data

HISTORY
Originally sponsored by the Department of Defense for military use Goal was to provide packet-switched network in mobile elements of a battlefield in an infrastructureless environment Used a combination of ALOHA and CSMA and distance vector routing

FULL MESH TOPOLOGY

Every node has a circuit connecting it to every other node in the network Yields greatest redundancy, so if one node fails, network traffic can be redirected to any of the other nodes Usually reserved for backbone networks since it is very expensive

A FULL MESH TOPOLOGY

PARTIAL MESH TOPOLOGY

Some nodes are organized in a full mesh scheme but others are only connected to 1 or 2 in the network Common in peripheral networks connected to a full meshed backbone Less expensive to implement Yields less redundancy

A PARTIAL MESH TOPOLOGY

WIRED MESH
It is possible to have a fully wired mesh network, however this is very expensive Advantages

Reliable

Offers

redundancy

Disadvantages
- Expensive- large number of cables and connections required

WIRELESS MESH
Definition- a wireless co-operative communication infrastructure between multiple individual wireless tranceivers that have Ethernet capabilities Can either be centralized for highly scalable applications, or can be decentralized

Advantages

Reliable- each node is connected to several others; when a node fails its neighbors find other routes Scalable- capacity can be added simply by adding nodes Nodes act as repeaters to transmit data from nearby nodes to peers too far away to reach- this results in a network that can span large distances over rough terrain Each node only transmits as far as the next node

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Data hops from one device to another until it reaches its destination Each device communicates its routing information to every device it connects with Each device then determines what to do with received data- pass it on or keep it

TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
Pro-active- distribute routing tables to the network periodically to maintain fresh lists of destinations Disadvantages

Wasted

bandwidth for transmitting routing tables Maintains routes that will never be used Some algorithms never converge in large networks

Re-active- also known as On-Demand these protocols find routes on demand by flooding the network with Route Request packets Disadvantages

Delays

in finding routes Excessive flooding can lead to network clogging

EXAMPLE: ADDV
ADDV- Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Establishes a route to a destination only on demand Contrast to the most popular pro-active protocols

HOW DOES ADDV WORK?

Network is silent until a connection is needed The network node that needs a connection broadcasts a connection request Other nodes forward the message and record the node they heard it from, creating temporary routes back to the needy node

CONT..
When a node that already has a route to the desired node gets the message it sends a message back through the temporary route to the requesting node The needy node then uses the route with the least hops to connect

FAILURES
When a node fails, a routing error is passed back to the transmitting node and the process repeats Also, note that unused entries in the routing tables are recycled after a time, so unused paths are not kept

DRAWBACKS
More time to establish a connection Initial communication to establish a route is heavy

Hierarchical- network orders itself into a tree or other hierarchy and sends requests through the structure

EXAMPLE: ORDER ONE NETWORK PROTOCOL

The network orders itself into a tree Each node periodically sends hello to its neighbors Each neighbor tells how many neighbors and connections it has and who its mother node is Each node picks the node with the largest access to links to be its mother node When two nodes pick each other as mother nodes, that is the top of the tree

ROUTING

When a node needs a connection with another node and a route doesnt exist it sends a request to its mother node This node then forwards the message to its mother node and so on until the original node is connected at the root to the node it wanted Next the algorithm tries to cut corners to optimize the path

Each node on the route floods its neighbors with routing requests When a faster route is found, the unused part of the previous route is erased and flooding ceases on that route

ADVANTAGES
Produces fairly good routes while reducing the number of messages required to keep the network connected Uses only small amounts of memory at each node The network has a reliable way to establish that a node is not in the network

DISADVANTAGES
Central mother nodes have an extra burden Eventually ceases to be scalable Link propagation time establishes a limit on the speed the network can find its root May use more power and bandwidth than other link-state protocols

THANK YOU

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