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Third Summer School on Spectrum Management for Radio Astronomy Tokyo, Japan June 3, 2010
Name
Phase Alternating Line
NTSC
North & Central America, Western South America, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, South Korea
SECAM
Name
Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial
ISDB-T
ATSC
DMB-T/H
China only
Completed, no analog / Completed for full-service stations / In transition / Planned / No transition planned / No Information
7
TV Spectra Analog
Digital
DVB-T (OFDM)
PAL / SECAM / NTSC Generic (All have video, chrominance, and audio carriers. Some differences in total bandwidth and frequency offset between carriers.)
PAL
ATSC (8-VSB)
8
Chan
26
Freq (MHz)
54 72 & 76 88
164
74
7 13
174 216
518
262
14 51
470 698
8222
1640
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10
Direct comparison of digital (8-VSB modulation, left) and analog (AM-VSB, PM, and FM, right) TV signals, of the same station from the same tower at the same time. The analog signal has more power because of the large video carrier, but the digital signal fills in the spectrum completely.
11
12
13
6 5 4
For equivalent digital and analog TV signals, the digital power spectral density exceeds the analog PSD over 94% of the bandwidth, and by as much as 3 orders of magnitude.
3 2
1 0 0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
14
6 MHz
8 MHz
7 MHz
ATSC (digital)
6 MHz
6, 7, & 8 MHz
Japanese ISDB-T broadcasts on channels 25, 26, & 27 (542 560 MHz)
17
Television Interference Caused by Anomalous Propagation at the Murchison Widefield Array Site
Digital TV signal in Australian channel 7 (181 188 MHz), and narrowband interference from analog (PAL) luminance, chrominance, and audio carriers of channels 6 (174 181 MHz), 8 (188 195 MHz), and (partially) 9 (195-202 MHz). The digital TV signal is believed to be arising from a distance of 290 km during a period of anomalous propagation. Data obtained in March 2010.
18
19
2 54
25.3
3 60
22.7
4 66
20.5
5 72 76 82
16.3 18.7 17.7
6 88
15.1
~
174
7.2
7 180
6.9
8 186
6.6
9 192
6.4
10 198
6.2
11 204
6.0
12 210
5.8
13 216 MHz
5.6 z(HI)
14 470
2.02
15 476
1.98
16 482
1.95
17 488
1.91
18 494
1.88
19 500
1.84
20 506
1.81
21 512
1.77
22 518
1.74
23 524
1.71
24 530
1.68
25 536
1.65
26 542
1.62
27 548
1.59
554 MHz
1.56 z(HI)
28 554
UHF
1.56
29 560
1.54
30 566
1.51
31 572
1.48
32 578
1.46
33 584
1.43
34 590
1.41
35 596
1.38
36 602
1.36
38 608
1.34
39 620
1.29
40 626
1.27
41 632
1.25
614
1.31
638 MHz
1.23 z(HI)
42 638
1.23
43 644
1.21
44 650
1.19
45 656
1.17
46 662
1.15
47 668
1.13
48 674
1.11
49 680
1.09
50 686
1.07
51 692
1.05
52 698
1.03
53 704
1.02
54 710
1.00
55 716
0.98
722 MHz
0.97 z(HI)
56 722
0.97
57 728
0.95
58 734
0.94
59 740
0.92
60 746
0.90
61 752
0.89
62 758
0.87
63 764
0.86
64 770
0.84
65 776
0.83
66 782
0.82
67 788
0.80
68 794
0.79
69 800
0.78
806 MHz
0.76 z(HI)
Allocated to radio astronomy. Not used for TV. Reallocated to mobile and fixed use. Used for land mobile instead of TV in some major cities.
20
Figure from Wikipedia, based on data from World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms (http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html)
21
Figure from Wikipedia, based on data from World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms (http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html)
22
Allotments specify which channels are available for use in each city or market area
> Allotments are based on market size, co- and adjacentchannel interference criteria, geography, frequency, and other considerations
Given the lucrative nature of a TV license, virtually all allotted channels are spoken for There are significant differences between the DTV allotments after the transition and the analog allotments prior to the transition A comparison of the allotment tables provides a quick snapshot of the imminent changes in the spectrum landscape.
23
70
64 61 6161 58 56 56 5757 58
68
= 1756
60
58
50
40
32 30 30 30 27 2727 28 26 26 33 34 31 27 25 22 22 18 17 25 21 22 20 17 14 16 16 24 22 19 18 19 16 15 13 12 10 21 18 18 16 13 12 13 9 7 10 7 12 9 6 13 11 9 6
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68
TV Channel
24
70
68 63 61
68
= 1811
5757
60
50
40
48 44
40
36 34
39 37
40
414141
41
40 38 35 36 32
41
42 39 37 33 33 3434 35 35 33 31 29 30 31 32 30 27
31
30
24
20
13
10
7 7 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68
TV Channel
25
N = +55
50%
-150%
Lower VHF, Chs 2 - 6 (54 - 72 & 76 - 88 MHz) No longer used, Chs 52 - 69 (698 - 806 MHz)
-200%
26
Summary
The world is switching to digital terrestrial TV broadcasting Digital TV produces more apparent interference than analog TV Both digital TV and (in some countries) the refarming of TV broadcast spectrum will make observations using TV band frequencies more challenging TV interference is most disruptive to the search for highly redshifted HI, such as the search for the Epoch of Reionization (EOR) TV interference in general, and digital TV interference in particular, have been shown to impact radio observatories hundreds of km from the transmitting source Radio astronomers can generally not expect any regulatory protections when using TV spectrum for observing Future instruments such as the SKA must take TV 27 interference into account