Temperature controller controls the room temperature due to the operation of the relay circuit by using thermal sensor,

ADC

converter, Microcontroller.

Thermal sensor

A/D Converter

Micro controller

Display unit

Relays

The block diagram of temperature controller consists of temperature sensor, ADC, microcontroller and LCD and relays. LM35 is used as temperature sensor it senses the temperature. The output of temperature sensor is in the form of analog signal. ADC0804 is used to convert this analog signal to digital. The output of ADC is given to the microcontroller. The output of controller will be displayed on the LCD.

The microcontroller is embedded with a c program. It is designed in such way that whenever it receives the signal from amplifier circuit, It displays the filled and vacant slots in LCD and LED panels

Pin 1 - 8

: P1.0-P1.7: A total of 8 lines named as port-1 and used for input or output. Pin 9 : Reset : active high input used to reset the microcontroller and terminate all activities. Pin 10-17 : P3.0-P3.7:A total of 8 lines named as port-3 and used for input or output. in addition, these lines provides special functions, as listed below. P3.0(R*D) : Data received in serial form. P3.1(T*D) : Data transmitted in serial form. P3.2(INT0) : An hardware interrupt of vectored location 0003H. P3.3(INT1) : An hardware interrupt of vectored location 0013H. P3.4(T 0) : Pulse input given to the counter 0. P3.5(T 1) : Pulse input given to the counter 1. P3.6(WR) : A control signal activates memory(I/O device) for write operation. P3.7(RD) : A control signal activates memory(I/O device) for read operation.

Pin 18-19 (XTL1 & XTL2) :

A quartz crystal oscillator and capacitors formed as a pulse generator. Pin 20(GND) : This is a return(ground) pin for the supply. Pin 21-28 : P2.0-P2.7 (A8-A15):A total of 8-lines named as port-2 and used for input and output. Pin 29:(PSEN) : Program store enable is an output pin used to access the external program memory(ROM). Pin 30 (ALE) : Address latch enable is an output pin used to latch the low order address byte (A0A7). This is for demultiplexing the address and data. Pin 31: (EA) : External access is an input pin used to access the external program code memory(ROM) only. Pin 32-39 : P0.0-P0.7 (AD0-AD7):A total of 8 lines named as port0 and used for input and output. Pin40 (Vcc) : This is a +5Volts supply voltage gain.

The LM35 series are precision integrated circuit temperature sensor, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to centigrade temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain centigrade scaling and can measure temperature more accurately than using the thermostat.

Function is same as that of normal switch, but in case of relay there is no need to press the switch to make it on or off manually.

Rather than +5volts dc or 0volts will perform the function of making switch on or off respectively.
When voltage is applied to the pin of the coils, the coil becomes energized making switch closed.

ADC0804 is one of most commonly used analog to digital converter.

In many applications it is required to convert the output of the sensor, which is analog in nature to a digital form.
The data in digital format can then be utilized for further processing by the digital processors.

It is 16*2 LCD.It displays the filled and vacant in the arena through the microcontroller. It is controlIed by AT89S52 microcontroller.

FEATURES

Vcc, at pin 16 controls the background contrast. Vcc, at pin 2 controls the display contrast. Pin 1 and pin 3 controls the brightness of the display. Pin 5, gets a read/write signal. Pin 6, enable signal. Pin 4, data register select.

Compatible with 8080 microprocessors derivatives-no interfacing logic needed access time -135 ns. Easy interface to all micro processors, or operates stand alone. Differential analog voltage inputs. Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specifications. Works with 2.5V(LM336) voltage reference on-chip clock generator. 0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supply. No zero adjust required. 0.3 standard width 20-pin DIP package. 20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline package.

HIGH VOLTAGE AND HIGH CURRENT DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR ARRAY

The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current darlington transistor arrays. It consists of srven NPN darlington pairs that features high voltage outputs with common cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads. The collector current rating of a single darlington pair is 500mA. The darlington pairs may be parrelled for higher current capability. Application include relay drivers ,hammer drivers, lamp. drivers, display drivers(LED gas discharge),line drivers, logic buffers. The ULN2003 has a 2.7k series base resistor for each darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5v CMOS devices.

FEATURES

500 Ma rated collector current (single output). High voltage outputs 50v. inputs compatible with various types of logic. Relay driver application.

In the temperature controller we have used four banks.

Temperature ADC0804 AT89S52 microcontroller LCD

In this controller the first block temperature sensor senses the temperature in the atmosphere in analogue form and then sends this analog signal to ADC to convert into digital signal.
This digital signal is fed to micro controller through data lines by using the micro controller process the data and send it to LCD.

This project explains about a simple low cost circuit which can be mainly used in large scale industries to detect the high & low temperatures. LM35 directly senses the temperature and sends the data to the microcontroller.

This has been successfully completed under the guidance of SATHISH sir.