JET ,JET ENGINE ITS TYPES AND APPLICATIONS

Presented by:A.R GOLO 09ME59 QUEST NAWABSHAH SINDH

Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is jet? History of jet engines introduction Parts of jet engine How jet engine works Types Of Jet Engine
6.1 Ramjet 6.2 Turbojet 6.3 Turbofan 6.4 Turboprop 6.5 Turboshaft

Continued . . .
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Comparison Of Turbojets Jet Engine Vs Rockets Merits And Demerits Jet Engine applications Conclusion

1.What is JET?
A rapid stream of liquid or gas forced out of a small opening or nozzle.

2.History Of Jet Engines

The first jet engine was built by Egyptian scientists during 100 B.C

These device was know as Aeolipile.

Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle were the main developers.

3.Introduction
Jet engine is nothing but a Gas turbine. It works under the principle of Newtons third law It states that For every acting force there is an equal and opposite force. Gas turbine operates like toy balloon

3.Parts Of Jet Engine

FAN COMPRESSOR COMBUSTOR TURBINE MIXER NOZZLE

4.HOW JE ENGINE WORKS

All jet engines, which are also called gas turbines, work on the same principle. The engine sucks air in at the front with a fan. A compressor raises the pressure of the air. The compressor is made up of fans with many blades and attached to a shaft. The blades compress the air. The compressed air is then sprayed with fuel and an electric spark lights the mixture. The burning gases expand and blast out through the nozzle, at the back of the engine. As the jets of gas shoot backward, the engine and the aircraft are thrust forward.

CONT. . . . . .
Jet engines move the airplane forward with a great force that is produced by a tremendous thrust and causes the plane to fly very fast.

5. Types Of Jet Engines

Ramjet Turbojet Turbofan Turboprop Turbo shaft

6.1 Ramjet
It has no moving parts. Its compression ratio depends forward speed. It has no static thrust guided-missile systems, vehicles use this type of jet Space

on

6.2 Turbojet

The turbojet engine is a reaction engine. Substantial increases in thrust can be obtained by employing an afterburner Turbo jets used in cruise missiles

6.3 Turbofan
The objective of this sort of bypass system is to increase thrust without increasing fuel consumption. It achieves this by increasing the total airmass flow and reducing the velocity within the same total energy supply.

6.4 Turboprop

A turboprop engine is a jet engine attached to a propeller. . Modern turboprop engines are equipped with propellers that have a smaller diameter but a larger number of blades . . . Generally used in power plants

6.5 Turboshaft
It does not drive a propeller. it provides power for a helicopter rotor.

It permits the rotor speed to be kept constant even when the speed of the generator is varied

Ramjets

7. Comparison With Turbojets

Turbojet
No compressor, turbine Light in weight Mach no 2 to 5

Has got compressor, turbine Heavy Mach no. < 2 Starts with zero initial velocity

8. Jet Engines Vs Rockets

Jet Engine Oxygen from atmosphere for combustion Work only in atmosphere Liquid fuel High Specific Impulse Complex Structure Rockets Carry their own oxygen for combustion

Work in vacuum and atmosphere liquid or solid fuel Low Specific Impulse Simple Structure

9. Merits And Demerits

Merits of Jet engine over IC engine Mechanical efficiency of jet engine is high as compared to IC engine. Weight and speed of jet engine per HP developed is higher than IC engine. Ignition and lubricating systems are much simpler in jet engine than IC engine. Demerits Of Jet Engines Over IC engine Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low compared to IC engine Difficult to start Turbine blades need a special cooling system due high temperature

11. Jet Engine applications

The industry theyre most prominent in is in the transport industry, where they are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such as a turbojet powered truck. The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft. The General electric company used a turboprop jet engine to run an electric generator.

The jet engine is not only used on aircraft but on boats, where water jets are used to propel the boat forward..

The Bell P-59A Airacomet was also developed by the Americans. They had a massive advantage over propeller driven planes, in that they were much faster

12.Conclusion
Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose i.e. Traveling, carrying goods etc. Ram and scram type of jet engines used in only in Defence sector. Because it travels at supersonic speed and generally high level of training is required. Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used for traveling. So that common type of jet engines are very common in use.

Thank You