CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS

It is a structure carrying the discharge of a natural

stream across a canal intercepting the stream.

Classification based on

Relative levels Discharges

Type I (C D works carrying canal over the drainage)

Aqueduct

Syphon aqueduct

 Type

II (Drainage passes over the irrigation

canal)

Super passage
Syphon super passage

Type

III (Drainage and canal intersect each

other at the same level)

Level crossing
Inlet and outlet

TYPE I

Canal is carried over the natural drain. Opened to Inspection Damage done by flood is rare. The drain is very big comparison to the section of

the canal

AQUEDUCT Irrigation canal is taken over the drainage Suitable when the bed level of canal is well above the H.F.L of drainage Drainage water passes clearly below the canal

SYPHON AQUEDUCT

In this canal is taken over drainage, but drainage water not clearly passes below the highest flood level.

It flows under syphonic action Suitable when the bed level of the canal is below the H F L

TYPE II

Drainage is carried over the canal CD works are less liable to damage than the earth work of the canal.

Disadvantages

Not open to inspection If silt is deposited, it is difficult to clear it out.

SUPER PASSAGE
FSL of canal is lower than the underside of the trough carrying drainage water. Canal water runs under gravity

CANAL SYPHON

The drainage is taken over the canal but water passes below the drainage under siphonic action.

Suitable when bed level of the drainage is below

the FSL of the canal

TYPE III

Level crossing Bed level of canal and drainage are approximately same. The quantity of water in canal and drainage is not that much different In this water in canal and drainage is allowed to mix With the help of regulator both in canal and stream water is disposed in reqd quantity. Components Crest wall Canal regulator Stream regulator

DESIGN OF SYPHON AQUEDUCT

A.

Hydraulic design Determination of max. flood discharge and the HFL. Fixation of waterway of the drain Contraction of canal waterway Clearance and free board Head loss through syphon barrels Determination of uplift pressure on the roof of trough Determination of uplift pressure on the floor Design of bank connections

B. Structural design Design of c/s of syphon barrrel and aqueduct trough Design of piers and abutments Design of foundations

Determination of flood discharge

For small drains the high floood discharge may

be worked out from empirical formulas.

Large drains- hydrograph analysis and rational formula etc may be used.

Fixation of waterway of the drain

P = 4.75Q
P- wetted perimeter of the river Q- total discharge

Clearance and freeboard

Clearance /headway- vertical distance b/w u/s HFL

inclusive of afflux, of the drainage and the bottom surface of trough.

Freeboard

Canals FSL to top levels of banks Drainage HFL including afflux and top of the embankment or guide banks

CONTRACTION OF CANAL WATERAY

Type I aqueduct the canal cross section not changed at crossing, so that the culvert length is max. not economical on big drains

Type III- original width of canal is reduced.

Requires the provision of extra transition wings for joining the flumed portion gradually to the normal

section.

Fluming is done in such a way velocity in the trough is not more than 3 m/s.

The approach transition wings shd not steeper than 300

( corresponding to a splay of 2:1)

The departure transition wings shd not steeper than 22.50 ( corresponding to a splay of 3:1).

Transition consist of curved and flared wings