Air Circulation

Small rooms Click to edit Master subtitle style Hall and Corridors Medical Gas Emergency Exits Room

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Four System of air circulation

Air circulation in each unit room (may related to basement & rooftop air circulation) Air circulation in the halls and corridor building (may related to basement & rooftop air circulation) Medical gas air circulation (in the hospital) Emergency exit air circulation 3/9/13 (oxygen source in the emergency

Four types of air circulation

Natural wind (using no power / electrical system) Exhaust system (using little power to circulate the air system, only use the exhaust itself and ducting pipe) Direct cooling (Split system, ex: Air conditioner) Indirect cooling (Central system, collaborate system of: air handling 3/9/13 unit - AHU, Chiller, Condenser,

Surveys on High Rise Building Flashba

ck

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Margonda Residence
Unit room (bathroom, kitchen, bedroom) Main system Bathroom (exhaust system), bedroom & kitchen (direct cooling)
1.

Halls & corridor building Natural wind

Medical gas

Emergency exit stairs

Exhaust

Source

Bathroom 2. Kitchen 3. Bedroom

Doors & windows

Basement and roof top

circulate

Bathroom exhaust rooftop Kitchen (optional) exhaust balcony of each unit Bedroom (using split ac) outdoor unit at balcony

Doors / windows hall / corridor doors/windows

Air from basement (with ducting pipe) and rooftop taken into emergency exit stairs with exhaust. And circulate back to the basement and rooftop

exit

.Rooftop .balcony .balcony

Doors & windows

Basement and rooftop

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Basement Ducting Floors Rooftop

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Halls & Corridors

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Admira Hospital
Patient room, kitchen, laundry, panel room Main system Patient room (AC), kitchen & laundry (exhaust ventilation), panel room (fan)
1.

Halls & corridor building Exhaust

Medical gas

Emergency exit stairs

Oxygen Nitrogen Compressor Vacuum Medic Gas storage, gas tubes

Fan, wind (outdoor ramp)

Source

Patient Room 2. Kitchen 3. Laundry 4. Panel

Duct Ventiliation (Chiller/Condensor)

Roof top, walls

circulate

Split AC - Patient room Chiller AHU Halls Outdoor Outside Kitchen/ Laundry exhaust Outdoor Panel Room fan outdoor

Gas tube Control Air from inside the panel destination emergency stairs is (patient circulated so that room/operation room/ smoke, or gases are emergency room) not trapped inside. Oxygen (UGD, patient The ramp emergency room, operation room) exit is oudoors so it Nitrogen, compressor, will use natural wind. vacuum (Operation room)

exit 3/9/13

1.

Rooftop and balcony 2. Wall 3. Wall

Exhaust each floor

Medical use Oxygen (life support) Nitrogen (anasthetic)

Rooftop

Split AC Duct AC AC Outdoor 3/9/13

Toilet Toilet Janitor Janitor Janitor Disable d

Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet

Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet

Toilet Storage Utility Storage Utility Toilet Toilet

Panel Panel Panel Toilet Panel

Kitchen Laundr y

Fan Ventilation

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Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Duct Condensor Air Conditioner Outdoor 3/9/13

Medical Gas
Oxygen Click to edit Master subtitle style Nitrogen Vacuum Compressor

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MEDIC GAS STORAGE AND CONTROL

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COMPRESOR NITROGEN VAKUM OKSIGEN

CONTROL BOX AND ALARM

GAS STORAGE

UGD

HEMODIALIS IS

WARD

OPERATION ROOM, PERINA AND ICU

GAS TANK

CONTROL PANEL

DESTINATI ON

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Brain Hospital
Unit room Main system AC Central & Exhaust system Halls & corridor building AC Central & Exhaust system Medical gas Conventional system (no special pipe to distribute it to rooms) Emergency exit stairs AC Central

Source circulate

1.

Chiller

Chiller

Storage room

chiller

Bathroom exhaust Chiller AHU Halls Stored inside Chiller AHU stair outside and corridor exhaust tanks/tubes then outside - outside transported to rooms Chiller - Kitchen that need it manually exhaust outside Chiller AHU Patience room (using ac central) chiller AHU Operation room exhaust - outside

exit

Exhaust each floor

Exhaust each floor

Rooftop

*AHU = Air Handling 3/9/13 Unit

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2323

Premiere Jatinegara Hospital

Unit room (bathroom, kitchen, bedroom) Main system Halls & corridor building Medical gas Emergency exit stairs 1. Bathroom (exhaust system) Air 1. Oxygen 2. Split AC system conditioning 2. Pressured Air 3. Central AC system for operation room 4. Eva filter and inward air filter for operation room and for isolation room
1. 2. 3. 4.

Source

Bathroom Rooms Operation room Operation and Isolation room

Split AC system outlet

1.

2.

Main tank and small spare tanks Small refill tanks

circulate

1. Bathroom - outlet 2. Inlet - Outlet 3. Operation room central outlet operation room 4. Operation room/Isolation room Eva filter outdoor Inward air filter Operation/ Isolation room

Corridor 1. Main tank/spare Outlet - Inlet tanks patient room and operation room 2. Small tanks patient room and operation room

exit

3/9/13

1. 2. 3.

Outlet Outlet Central Outlet

Outlet

Patient and operation rooms

split AC 3/9/13 system

For spaces other than the operation room. The outlets are located on a balcony on the outer sides of each floor.

3/9/13

centralized AC

The centralized AC system is used only for the operation rooms, which are located on the third floor of the ward block.

outl EVA filter et

inl et

Filtering incoming polluted air through downward air stream

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medical gas
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ward block

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Medical Gas (white) Oxygen

Pressured air (green)

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Comparison Table

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SMALL ROOMS Admira

Main System
Patient room (AC), kitchen & laundry (exhaust ventilation), panel room (fan)

Brain
AC Central & Exhaust system

Jatinegara

Mares

Small Rooms
Chiller
1. 2. 3. 4.

1. Bathroom (exhaust Bathroom (exhaust system) system), bedroom & 2. Split AC system kitchen (direct cooling) 3. Central AC system for operation room 4. Eva filter and inward air filter for operation room and for isolation room

Source

1.

Patient Room 2. Kitchen 3. Laundry 4. Panel

Bathroom Rooms Operation room Operation and Isolation room

1.

Bathroom 2. Kitchen 3. Bedroom

Circulate

Split AC - Patient room Outdoor Kitchen/ Laundry exhaust Outdoor Panel Room fan outdoor

Bathroom exhaust outside

1. Bathroom - outlet 2. Inlet - Outlet

Bathroom exhaust rooftop

Chiller - Kitchen exhaust Kitchen (optional) outside 3. Operation room exhaust balcony of each central outlet operation unit Chiller AHU - Patience room room (using ac central) 4. Operation Bedroom (using split ac) room/Isolation room Eva outdoor unit at balcony chiller AHU Operation filter outdoor Inward room - exhaust - outside air filter Operation/ Isolation room

Exit

1.

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Rooftop and balcony Exhaust each floor 2. Wall 3. Wall 4. wall

1. 2. 3. 4.

Outlet Outlet Central Outlet Eva filter outlet

Rooftop .balcony .balcony

HALLS
Main System

Admira
Exhaust

Brain
AC Central & Exhaust system

Jatinegara
Air conditioning

Mares
Natural wind

Source

Duct Ventiliation (Chiller/Condensor)

Chiller

Split AC system outlet

Doors & windows

Circulate

Chiller AHU Halls - Chiller AHU Halls Corridor Outlet Outside and corridor Inlet exhaust - outside

Doors / windows hall / corridor doors/windows

Exit

Exhaust each floor

Exhaust each floor Outlet

Doors & windows

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MEDICAL GAS Admira

Main System
Oxygen Nitrogen Compressor Vacuum

Brain

Jatinegara

Mares
-

Small Rooms
Storage room
1. 2.

Conventional 1. Oxygen system 2. Pressured Air (no special pipe to distribute it to rooms) Main tank and small spare tanks Small refill tanks

Source

Medic Gas storage, gas tubes

Circulate

Gas tube Control Stored inside panel destination tanks/tubes then (patient transported to room/operation rooms that need it room/ emergency manually room) Oxygen (UGD, patient room, operation room) Nitrogen, compressor, vacuum (Operation room) Medical use Oxygen (life support) Nitrogen (anasthetic) Compressor (clean injuries) Vacuum (blood) -

1.

2.

Main tank/spare tanks patient room and operation room Small tanks patient room and operation room

Exit

Patient and operation rooms

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EMERGENCY Admira
Main System
Fan, wind (outdoor ramp)

Brain
AC Central

Jatinegara
-

Mares
Exhaust

Small Rooms
chiller -

Source

Roof top, walls

Basement and roof top

Circulate

Air from inside the Chiller AHU stair emergency stairs is - outside circulated so that smoke, or gases are not trapped inside. The ramp emergency exit is oudoors so it will use natural wind. Rooftop Rooftop -

Air from basement (with ducting pipe) and rooftop taken into emergency exit stairs with exhaust. And circulate back to the basement and rooftop

Exit

Basement and rooftop

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Improvement

3/9/13

Air Circulation Quality

Based on fact, a lot of people needs IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) which contains many aspects as: Pollutant Sources (reduce it) Amount of Ventilation (increase it) Health (improve it)

3/9/13

3 Ways of Improvement

Open up more natural openings ventilation, no electricity usage at all Using green technology system Following the LEED standard of air circulation building

3/9/13

Improvement consideration
Improvement consideration Rating IAQ Change Improvemen Electricity building t usage massing Cost Reduce Pollutant Source Increase Increase Natural Healthy Ventilation environmen t

Zero electricity

Green Technology system LEED Zero waste

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Margonda Residence Improvement

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Margonda Residence air circulation problem

Too small natural ventilation openings at the corridors (heighten the humidity) No exhaust in the kitchen area Not efficient cooling system (using split AC systems each units) make higher electricity maintenance monthly cost No sunlight in the bathroom, using 3/9/13 exhaust system on the circulation

Best Solution for Margonda Residence

Base on the advantages, we know that following the LEED guidelines will advantage us more than the other option, but there are some consideration. As we see, Margonda Residence is 99% fulfilled as boarding house which rent a room with each personal Split AC system. If we use Green technology system, it will increase a lot of monthly rent price, 3/9/13 nobody wants it.

Existing

3/9/13

Improvement
Unit room (bathroom, kitchen, bedroom) Main system Halls & corridor building Medical gas Emergency exit stairs Bathroom (no Natural wind exhaust), bedroom (no With bigger opening direct cooling) & kitchen near natural ventilation openings Natural ventilation openings (Doors, windows, and balcony) Bathroom, bed room, kitchen to natural openings Doors & windows Exhaust

Source

Basement and roof top

circulate

Doors / windows hall / corridor doors/windows

Air from basement (with ducting pipe) and rooftop taken into emergency exit stairs with exhaust. And circulate back to the basement and rooftop Basement and rooftop

exit

Windows and balcony

Doors & windows

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Improvem ent

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Admira Hospital Improvement

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REQUIREMENTS

Proper Air Quality Proper Air Volume Changes Proper Air Flow Direction

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Proper Air Quality

Maintain Filtration Humidity Temperature

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Proper Air Volume Changes

Recommended air volume to and from a surgical room to be 25 volumes per hour

3/9/13

Proper Air Flow Direction

Even opening doors Ventilation should be from the ceiling or high on the walls Exhaust from several inlets near the floor on opposite ends.

3/9/13

POSSIBILITIES
LEED Requirements and Zero Waste Management system needs to follow specific guidelines. However, if we try to follow with the requirements, it will mean that it will change the design of the building entirely. It will be easier and much less costly to integrate new Green Technology into the building. This will only 3/9/13

CONCERN
Ventilation System Controls Improving Air Quality Bacteria Protect from unwanted substance Virus Use of technology Pathogen s

Displacemnet Ventilation

Active Chilled Beams

Energy efficient 3/9/13

Lower the risk

Sustainable

Cool Air is pumped into the room at floor level

Causes

DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION Goes

Hot air to rises Which Pathogens and contaminants are not recirculated inside the building/room Becaus e

towards the exhaust system Can Improve air qualty

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ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS

An Active Chilled Beam is an air-water system that uses the energy conveyed by two fluid streams to achieve the required cooling or heating in a space

3/9/13

http://activechilledbeam.com/green_air_conditioni

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VENTILATION SYSTEM CONTROLS

People Counters Counts the number of people entering and leaving a space. Air rates are adjusted automatically. More people = higher air rate - Best used for the entrance area of the hospital, caf, etc Carbon Dioxide Sensors Regulates CO2 levels. When the CO2 level in the area reaches a predetermined 3/9/13

PEOPLE COUNTERS
Normal Air temperature 25 OC Air temperature 28 OC Air temperature 20 OC

3 People within the room = Lower air rate

6 People within the room = Higher air rate

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CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORS

Normal Air temperature 25 OC Air temperature 28 OC Air temperature 20 OC CO 2 CO2 CO 2 CO2

CO 2 CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

More precise air rate calculation as this can be used within a patients room to regulate the air temperature. Can be used according to physical activity, age, and health, etc.

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Brain Hospital Improvement

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3/9/13

Hospitals need a constant flow of clean air all the time to keep the space at a comfortable temperature, and also for hygiene factor, all the time. Natural air circulation (especially indonesias) cannot be expected to provide this quality all the time

Airflow Configurations for Critical Areas

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Power needed for chiller and cooling tower

Total power for chiller and cooling tower = Tata udara for 11 stories =

847.0 50 660.0 00 1.507.050 W

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Power needed for the whole building

2.835.821 W

53

Power provided for the the hospital is used only to keep a comfortable indoor temperature

LEED rating system requires 35% for green power source 3/9/13

The solution for green air circulation system in this hospital is a green electrical power source
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Jatinegara Hospital Improvement

3/9/13

Achieve LEED standard through adjusted application of green technology solutions as well as energy saving electricity system 3/9/13

chosen solution:

The openings are mostly fixed and has no outdoor views. The glass is filtered instead of using additional shading system, so artificial lighting and air conditioner are used at all times.

The corridors are located in the middle with no natural air source except from opened adjacent spaces.

3/9/13

The inward and outward air control system for critical areas cannot be replaced with natural ventilation

d pivot windo ws greene ry next to openin gs

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1& 2 shade

Natural Ventilation For medical clinic and medical Solution ward spaces
fo r
Controllability Views Monitoring outdoor air delivery

fo r
Acoustics Thermal comfort Views

photovol taic cells

Mechanical Ventilation For critical areas and Solution corridors

fo Less energy r

consumption

energ y efficie nt syste 3/9/13

fo r
Acoustics Thermal comfort Views