IsO 14000 Family of Standards

ISO, ISO Standards Development Process, ISO 14000 Family of Standards and Other Related ISO Standards
Dr. Akepati S.Reddy School of Energy and Environment Thapar University, Patiala 147 001 Punjab, INDIA
ISO derived from a Greek word isos means equal ISO website: www.iso.org
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) Preparing International Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees (TCs) Each member body interested in a subject matter of a TC has the right to be represented on that TC
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
ISO collaborates closely with International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) on electro-technical standardization The Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 Main task of the TCs is to prepare International Standards
Draft International Standards adopted by the TCs are circulated to the member bodies for voting
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote
Development of a Standard
ISO standards are developed by technical committees (TCs) or subcommittees (SCs) in a six step process 1. Proposal stage
Confirm that a particular international standard is needed National Committees can propose new Work Items (WI) New work item proposal (NP) is submitted for voting by TC or SC and inclusion in the program of work A proposal is accepted if majority of the P (participating) -members (representatives of national organizations) vote in favour and at least 5 P-members declare their commitment to actively participate in the project Project leader responsible for the work item is appointed
2. Preparatory stage
Working group of experts with project leader as chairman is set up by the TC/SC for preparing a Working Draft A working draft satisfactory to the working group is forwarded to the parent committee for consensus building
3.
Committee stage
Working draft forwarded to TC/SC (now known as First Committee Draft) is registered by the ISO central secretariat and distributed to P-members of TC/SC for comment/voting Once consensus is attained on technical content , the text is finalized for submission as Draft International Standard (DIS) to the central secretariat
4.
Enquiry stage
DIS is circulated to all ISO member bodies by ISO central secretariat for voting and comment within 5 months
If approved by 2/3rd majority by P-members of the TC/SC and if negative votes are <25% of the total votes cast then the DIS is approved as Final Draft International Standard (FDIS)
5.

Approval stage
FDIS is circulated to all ISO member bodies by the central secretariat for final yes/no vote within 2 months Technical comments, if any are received at this stage, are not considered but registered for consideration during future revision of the standard If approved by 2/3rd majority by P-members of the TC/SC and if negative votes are <25% of the total votes cast, FDIS is approved as International Standard If the approval criteria are not met, the standard is referred back to the TC/SC for reconsideration in the light of the technical reasons filed with negative votes
6.
Publication stage
Approved FDIS is published by ISO central secretariat as International Standard Only minor editorial changes if necessary can be introduced into the final text
It is possible to omit certain stages if a document with certain degree of maturity is available at the start of standardization
In fast-track procedure a document can be submitted directly for approval as Draft International Standard (DIS)
A document developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO council can be introduced as a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS)
Review of international standards (for confirmation, revision or withdrawal)

Reviewed at least 3 years after publication and after every 5 years after the first review By majority, P-members of the TC/SC decides whether the standard should be confirmed, revised or withdrawn
ISO Deliverables
Deliverables of ISO
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ISO Standard ISO/PAS Publicly Available Specification ISO/TS Technical Specification ISO/TR Technical Report IWA International Workshop Agreement ISO Guide
ISO standard
A normative document approved by the ISO membership and Pmembers of the responsible committee Procedure for the development of standards described is followed for the development
ISO Deliverables
ISO/PAS Publicly Available Specification
At the outset the TC/SC decides that the concerned work item should result in publication of a PAS Through preparatory stage the work group of experts develops the text and submits for approval for publication as a PAS For publication approval by a simple majority by the P-members of the concerned TC/SC is required Competing PAS offering different technical solutions are possible but should not conflict with any existing international standards PAS should be reviewed at least every 3 years either to confirm or to revise it, or to process it to become a technical specification (TS) or an international standard, or to withdraw the PAS Maximum life of a PAS is 6 years
ISO Deliverables
ISO/TS Technical Specification
It is a normative document representing technical consensus within an ISO committee TC/SC decides at the out set that a particular work item will result in the publication of a technical specification The text is developed through the preparatory and committee stages and submitted for 3 month vote by the P-members of the committee for approval by 2/3rd majority for publication as a technical specification A document developed to produce an international standard, if subsequently discovered that there is insufficient support for publication, the committee can decide to publish as a technical specification Any P-member or category A or D-liaison organization of a committee can propose an existing document for adoptation as a technical specification published after the process of approval
ISO Deliverables
ISO/TS Technical Specification
A-type liaison: a participating organization of the TC/SC that made effective contribution to the work of the committee D-type liaison: participation at the workgroup of experts level only or contributing to a specific project Competing technical specifications offering different technical solutions are possible but should not conflict with any existing international standards Technical specification should be reviewed at least every 3 years either to confirm the specification, or to revise it, or to process it to become an international standard, or to withdraw the technical specification Maximum life of a technical specification is 6 years
ISO Deliverables
ISO/TR Technical Report An information document Information collected in support of approved work item(s) can be decided by the committee by simple majority vote of its P-members for publication as a technical report Then, ISO Secretary-General if necessary in consultation with the Technical Management Board decides to publish the document as a technical report International Workshop agreement (IWA) Documents produced through workshop meetings, rather than through technical committee process Any interested party can propose an IWA and can participate in developing one An ISO member body is assigned to organize and run the workshop that result in IWA Stakeholders can directly participate in IWA (not through their national delegations) An IWA can be developed swiftly in <12 months An IWA can be used as precursor to an international standard
ISO Deliverables
ISO guide
Provide guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards Prepared by Policy Development Committees or by committees or groups established by the ISO Technical Management Board and operating under it After consensus is obtained, in the group preparing the guide, the draft is disseminated to all ISO member bodies for a 4-month enquiry vote The draft guide is approved if <25% of the cast vote by the ISO member bodies are negative If approved, the guide is published
ISO and the Environment

ISO has a multi-faceted approach to meet the needs of business, industry, governments and consumers in the environmental field Offers wide-ranging portfolio of standardized sampling, testing and analytical methods
More than 350 standards for the monitoring aspects such as quality of air, water and soil
Offers strategic approach through ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards Facilitates fusion of business & environmental goals through encouraging inclusion of environmental aspects into product design
ISO/TR 14062, environmental management integrating environmental aspects into product design and development
Development of ISO 14064 for GHG verification and accounting to help in meeting climate change challenge
ISOs Management System Standards

Management system refers what an organization does to manage its processes or activities so that its products or services meet the objectives set for itself Management system standards provide
Requirements or give guidance on good management practice Model to follow in setting up and operating a management system
ISO management system standards include

ISO 9000 family of standards for quality management ISO 14000 family of standards for environmental management ISO/IEC 27000 for information security, ISO 15001 for energy management, ISO 22000 for food safety and ISO 28000 for supply chain management are the families of management system standards

ISOs management system standards are generic
Generic means applicable to any organization
large or small, and wherever located whatever is the product or service in any sector of activity Whether a business enterprise, a public administration or a government department
PDCA cycle is the operating principle of the ISOs management system standards
P (plan) establish overall objectives and interim targets and make plans to achieve them D (do) implement the plans to achieve objectives & targets C (check) measure the results how far the actual achievements meet the objectives? Act correct and improve the plans and how they are put into practice learn from mistakes and correct

Benefits management system standards
Put state-of-the-art practices within the reach of an organization Ensures that an organization goes about its business in an orderly (systematic) and structured way means time, money and other resources are utilized efficiently Systematizing the ways of doing things (who is responsible, for doing what, when, how, why and where) ensures effectiveness and efficiency
Organizations specially large ones can not function well without management systems in place
May not be the case with very small organizations - may not have the ways of doing things in writing - may be present in the mind of the manager or owner
ISO 9000 family of standards

ISO/TC 176 is responsible for this family of standards Provides for a quality management system
ISO 9001: 2008, Quality management systems requirements
provides a tried and tested framework for taking a systematic approach to managing the organizations processes so that they consistently turnout products that satisfy customer expectations Lays down what requirements a quality system must meet - but does not dictate how they should be met Organizations can be certified (certification not compulsory) against only ISO 9001: 2000 standard of the family
Other standards of ISO 9000 family cover subjects like

Fundamentals and vocabulary Performance improvements Documentation Training Financial and economic aspects
ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management

Responsible for the ISO 14000 family of standards ISO 14000 family grew out of the ISOs commitment to support the objective of sustainable development Launched in 1993 after intensive consultation by SAGE (Strategic
Advisory Group on Environment) set up in 1991 within the framework of the ISO/IEC Participated by 20 countries, 11 international organizations and more than 100 environmental experts
Participation in ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management Delegations of business & govt. experts from 70 countries
chosen by the national standards institute bring national consensus on issues addressed by TC 207 (derived from a process of stakeholder consultation)
Another 27 as observers 39 international or regional organizations (including UNCTAD, UNEP, WHO and WTO)
ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management

TC 207/SC 1: Environmental management systems TC 207/SC 2: Environmental auditing and related environmental investigations TC 207/SC 3: Environmental labeling TC 207/SC 4: Environmental performance evaluation TC 207/SC 5: Life cycle assessment
TC 207/SC 7: Green house gas management and related activities

ISO/TC 207: directly responsible for certain standards and projects ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing is outside the TC 207 ISO/IEC 17021: 2006, Conformity assessment Requirements for
bodies providing audit and certification of management systems
ISO committee for conformity assessment (CASCO) developed
ISO 14000 family of standards

ISO 14000 family addresses environmental management and deals with what organization does
To minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, products and services To achieve continual improvement of the organizations environmental performance
Compatibility with other management system standards

ISO/TC 176 and ISO/TC 207 have an ongoing collaboration to achieve a high degree of compatibility between the ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 families of standards
Facilitates implementation of both either as side-by-side systems or as integrated management systems Common terminology and structure of the standards Development of a joint auditing standard ISO 19011: 2011, guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing
PAS 99: 2006, Specification of common management system requirements as a frame work for integration of the following:
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO/IEC 27001 (information security), ISO 22000 (food safety), ISO 20000 (IT service management)
Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207 Secretariat

ISO Guide 64:2008, Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards ISO 14050:2009, Environmental management Vocabulary ISO 14051:2011, Environmental management -- Material flow cost accounting -- General framework ISO/TR 14062:2002, Environmental management -- Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development ISO 14063:2006, Environmental management -- Environmental communication -- Guidelines and examples
Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 1 Secretariat

ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems -- Requirements with guidance for use ISO 14004:2004, Environmental management systems -- General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques ISO 14005:2010, Environmental management systems -- Guidelines for the phased implementation of an environmental management system, including the use of environmental performance evaluation ISO 14006:2011, Environmental management systems -- Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign

ISO 14015:2001, Environmental management -- Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)

ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations -- General principles ISO 14021:1999, Environmental labels and declarations -- Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling) ISO 14024:1999, Environmental labels and declarations -- Type I environmental labelling -- Principles and procedures ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations -- Type III environmental declarations -- Principles and procedures

ISO 14031:1999, Environmental management -- Environmental performance evaluation -- Guidelines ISO/TS 14033:2012, Environmental management -- Quantitative environmental information -- Guidelines and examples

ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines ISO 14045:2012, Environmental management -- Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems -- Principles, requirements and guidelines ISO/TR 14047:2012, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to impact assessment situations ISO/TS 14048:2002, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format ISO/TR 14049:2012, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals ISO 14064-2:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements ISO 14064-3:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions ISO 14065:2007, Greenhouse gases -- Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition ISO 14066:2011, Greenhouse gases -- Competence requirements for greenhouse gas validation teams and verification teams
Other closely related standards

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems
Developed by ISO/TC 176
ISO 17021: Conformity assessment Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems
Developed by the Committee for Conformity Assessment (CASCO) of ISO
ISO guide 64: 2008

Provides guidance on addressing environmental issues in product standards and intended for product standards writers Its purpose is
to outline the relationship between provisions in product standards and the environmental aspects and impacts of product, to assist in drafting or revising provisions in product standards in order to reduce potential adverse environmental impacts at different stages of the entire product life-cycle, to emphasize that taking into account environmental issues in product standards is a complex process and requires balancing competing priorities, to recommend the use of life-cycle thinking when defining environmental provisions for a product to promote future development of relevant sector guides for addressing environmental issues in product standards by standards writers, consistent with the principles and approaches of ISO Guide 64:2008.
ISO guide 64: 2008

Whenever a new product standard is drafted or an existing product standard is revised or intended to be revised, the project managers and their TC chairman/convenors are encouraged to actively promote the application of this Guide At any stage in the standard development process, experts are encouraged to include environmental issues in their comments. In order to take account of the diversity of products and their specific environmental impacts, as well as the need for relevant environmental knowledge, it is useful for standards writers to involve environmental experts in the work Unless closely related with environmental issues, ISO Guide 64:2008 does not address issues of occupational health and safety or consumer safety as separate or specific aspects of the product life cycle.
ISO guide 64: 2008

Every product has an impact on the environment during all stages of its life-cycle:
extraction of resources, acquisition of raw materials, production, distribution, use (application), reuse, end-of-life treatment, including final disposal
These impacts range from slight to significant; can be short-term or long-term; occur at global, regional or local level. Potential environmental impacts of products can be reduced by taking into account environmental issues in product standards.
Provisions in product standards have an influence on environmental impacts of products.
This Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards Standards writers are not expected to become environmental experts, but, they are encouraged to:
identify and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts related to the product under consideration determine when it is possible and when not to deal with an environmental issue through a product standard.
ISO guide 64: 2008

Identification of environmental aspects of a product during its life cycle and prediction of their impacts is a complex process When writing a product standard, it is important to ensure that an evaluation as to how products can affect the environment at different stages of their life-cycle is carried out Results of this evaluation are important for specifying provisions in standards Product standards writers actively consider compliance with any applicable national, regional or local product related regulation This Guide proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle thinking, in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts
Why? What? How?
ISO guide 64: 2008

The approaches outlined in Clause 3 help to make standards writers aware of how it is possible to make an effective contribution to environmental improvement through a product standard, and how to reduce potential adverse environmental impacts of products. understand how the product interacts with the environment during its life-cycle is it possible and appropriate to take into account environmental issues in the product standard - these issues are considered in Clause 4 deals which environmental aspects are relevant for standards writing Through a environmental checklist, the writer of product standards can assess the relevant product environmental aspects, based on the availability of environmental information, product and environmental knowledge and the application of life-cycle thinking - these are considered in Clauses 5 and 6 deals with HOW to identify environmental aspects and impacts and draft environmental provisions in product standards
Some useful examples taken from existing standards are included in Annex B
ISO 14050:2009, Environmental Management Vocabulary

Communication (important in the EMS implementation and operation) will be most effective if there is a common understanding of the terms used Intended to provide the users with a compilation of the terms and definitions in use in the field of environmental management and published in the ISO 14000 series of Standards
Defines the terms and conveys an understanding
This document will also be of use to standards developers, particularly those involved with translation, as an aid to maintain consistency The terms and definitions in this Standard are derived from the International Standards on environmental management given in the Bibliography Some of the other concepts which may be encountered in the environmental management field, but not defined in this Standard are included in Annex A with bibliographic references
application and description of these concepts vary throughout the international environmental community
ISO 14051:2011, Environmental management -Material flow cost accounting -- General framework
Provides a general framework for material flow cost accounting (MFCA) - flows and stocks of materials within an organization are traced and quantified and costs associated with them are evaluated
The resulting information can act as a motivator to seek opportunities to simultaneously generate financial benefits and reduce adverse environmental impacts
Applicable to any organization that uses materials and energy, regardless of their products, services, size, structure, location, and existing management and accounting systems MFCA can be extended to other organizations in the supply chain, both upstream and downstream, thus helping to develop an integrated approach to improving material and energy efficiency
This extension can be beneficial - waste generation in an organization is often driven by the nature or quality of materials provided by a supplier, and by the specifications of the products requested by a customer
ISO 14051:2011, Environmental management -Material flow cost accounting -- General framework
Management accounting and environmental management accounting (EMA) focus on providing organizations with information for internal decision-making MFCA, one of the tools of EMA, is intended to complement existing environmental management and management accounting practices An organization can choose to include external costs in an MFCA analysis, though they are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011 MFCA framework presented in ISO 14051:2011 includes
common terminologies objective and principles fundamental elements implementation steps
Detailed calculation procedures or information on techniques for improving material or energy efficiency are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011. ISO 14051:2011 is not intended for third party certification
ISO/TR 14062:2002, Environmental management -- Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development
Describes concepts and current practices relating to the integration of environmental aspects into product design and development
Applicable to the development of sector-specific documents Not applicable as a specification for certification and registration purposes
ISO 14063:2006, Environmental management -Environmental communication -- Guidelines and examples

Gives guidance to organizations on general principles, policy, strategy and activities relating to both internal and external environmental communication It utilizes proven and well-established approaches for communication, adapted to the specific conditions that exist in environmental communication Applicable to all organizations regardless of their size, type, location, structure, activities, products and services, and whether or not they have an EMS in place Not intended for
use as a specification standard for certification or registration purposes establishment of any other EMS conformity requirements
It can be used in combination with any of the ISO 14000 series of standards, or on its own.
ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems -- Requirements with guidance for use
Specifies requirements for an EMS to enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives which take into account legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and information about significant environmental aspects
It applies to those environmental aspects that the organization identifies as those it can control and those which it can influence
It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria All the requirements in ISO 14001:2004 are intended to be incorporated into any EMS
T he extent of application will however depend on factors such as the environmental policy, the nature of organizations activities, products and services and on the location where and the conditions in which the organization functions
ISO 14001:2004 also provides, in Annex A, informative guidance on its use. Applicable to any organization that wishes
to establish, implement, maintain and improve an EMS to assure conformity with its stated environmental policy to demonstrate conformity with ISO 14001:2004
By making a self-determination and self-declaration, By seeking confirmation of its conformance by a second party such as customers, By seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by an external party, By seeking certification/registration of its EMS by a third.
Organizations are increasingly concerned with achieving and demonstrating sound environmental performance by controlling the environment impacts of their activities, products and services, consistent with their environmental policy and objectives, in the context of
Increasingly stringent legislation Economic policies and other measures that foster environmental protection Increased concern of interested parties about environmental matters and sustainable development
Organizations undertake environmental reviews or audits to assess their environmental performance

On their own, these may not be sufficient to provide assurance that the performance meets, and will continue to meet, legal and policy requirements To be effective, the reviews and audits should be conducted within a structured management system that is integrated within the organization.
ISO 14000 standards, Environmental Management provide organizations with the elements of an effective EMS that can be integrated with other management requirements and help organizations achieve environmental and economic goals These standards are not intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or change an organization's legal obligations. ISO 14001: 2004 specifies requirements for an EMS to enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives which take into account legal requirements and significant environmental aspects It is intended to apply to all types and sizes of organization and to accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions Success of the system depends on commitment from all levels and functions of the organization, especially top management
PDCA Cycle
ISO 14001: 2004 standard is based on the methodology Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)
Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the organization's environmental policy Do: implement the processes Check: monitor and measure processes against the policy, objectives, targets, legal and other requirements, and report results. Act: take actions to continually improve performance of the EMS
The EMS enables an organization to
develop environmental policy, establish objectives and processes Achieve policy commitments, take action to improve performance and demonstrate systems conformity to ISO 14001 requirements
Overall aim of this Standard is to support environmental protection and prevention of pollution in balance with socioeconomic needs
Many of the requirements can be addressed concurrently or revisited at any time.
This Standard can be used for certification/registration and/or self-declaration of an organizations EMS This Standard has taken due consideration of the provisions of ISO 9001: 2008 to enhance compatibility of the two standards This standard also includes
Annex-A: a non-certifiable guideline providing generic assistance to organizations in establishing, implementing or improving EMS Annex B of the standard identifies broad technical correspondences between ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2000
Environmental management (EM) encompasses a full range of issues, including those with strategic and competitive implications Demonstration of successful implementation of this Standard can be used by organizations to assure interested parties that an appropriate EMS is in place. Guidance on supporting EM techniques is contained in other Standards by ISO/TC 207, EM) ISO 14001 contains only the objectively auditable requirements This Standard does not establish absolute requirements for environmental performance beyond the commitments, in the environmental policy to
comply with applicable legal and other subscribed requirements prevention of pollution continual improvement.
Two organizations carrying out similar operations but having different environmental performance can both conform to ISO 14001 requirements.
Adoption and implementation of a range of environmental management (EM) techniques in a systematic manner can contribute to optimal outcomes to all the interested parties
Adoption of this Standard will not in itself guarantee optimal environmental outcomes However EMS can encourage implementation of the best available techniques, wherever appropriate and economically viable (costeffective)
This Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems (QMS, OHSMS, financial or risk management)
However its elements can be aligned or integrated with those of the other management systems
It is possible for an organization to adapt its existing management system(s) to establish an EMS conforming to ISO 14001 requirements Application of various elements of the EMS might differ depending on the intended purpose and the interested parties involved. The level of detail and complexity of the EMS, the extent of documentation and the resources devoted to it depend on factors like
scope of the system size of an organization and the nature of its activities, products and services
ISO 14004:2004, Environmental management systems -- General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques
Provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an EMS and its coordination with other management systems Applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity Guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are consistent with the ISO 14001:2004 EMS model The guidelines are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001:2004
Organizations are turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services. Organizations environmental performance is of importance to both internal and external interested parties. Achieving sound environmental performance requires organizational commitment to systematic approach and to continual improvement of EMS. Purpose of this Standard is to provide assistance to organizations wishing to implement or improve an EMS and thereby improving their environmental performance This Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management.
It can be used by organizations of all types, sizes and levels of maturity, and in all sectors and geographic locations Special needs of SMEs are incorporated, and this Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an EMS.
This Standard is part of the series of environmental management (EM) standards established by ISO/TC 207 Of these, only ISO 14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for certification/registration or selfdeclaration purposes ISO 14004: 2004 includes examples, descriptions and options that aid both in the implementation of an EMS and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization
Guidelines in this Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 EMS model, but are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements
Sub-clauses of Clause 4 of ISO 14001 have the same numbering as in ISO 14004 ISO 14004, however, has extra sub-sub-clauses for accommodating detailed or additional guidance considered useful for implementing an effective EMS
ISO 14004: 2004 describes elements of an EMS and provides organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an EMS The system can substantially enhance an organization's ability
To anticipate, identify and manage its interactions with the environment, To meet its environmental objectives and To ensure ongoing compliance with applicable legal requirements and other requirements (to which organization subscribes)
The examples and approaches presented in this Standard, for illustrative purposes, are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization
In designing and implementing/improving an EMS, organizations should select the approaches appropriate to their own circumstances.
Environmental management is an integral part of an organization's overall management system
Design of an EMS is an ongoing and interactive process Structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for implementing the environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing efforts in other areas (operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety)
For ease of reading and understanding, practical help and general guidance have been separated out and shown as boxed text in this standard
Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an EMS include the need to recognize that environmental management is among the highest organizational priorities establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested parties identify the environmental aspects of the organization's activities, products and services identify the legal requirements and other requirements (to which the organization subscribes), that relate to the organization's environmental aspects ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on the organizations behalf for environmental protection, with clear assignment of accountability and responsibility encourage environmental planning throughout the product or service life cycle
Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an EMS include the need to establish process to achieve environmental objectives & targets provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training,
to comply with applicable legal requirements and other requirements (to which organization subscribes) to achieve environmental objectives & targets on an ongoing basis
evaluate environmental performance against organization's environmental policy, objectives and targets and seek improvement where appropriate establish a management process
to audit and review the EMS to identify opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance
encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an EMS
Organizations may use ISO 14004: 2004, or related ISO documents, in various ways, including as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve the EMS (however ISO 14004 is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment purposes) in support of the implementation or improvement of its EMS The choice will depend on factors such as organization's goals, maturity of the organization's management systems (i.e. whether organization has a management system, in place, that is capable of supporting the inclusion of environmental concerns) possible advantages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organization's current and desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties size of an organization.
An effective EMS helps an organization to avoid, reduce or control the adverse environmental impacts of its activities, products and services to achieve compliance with applicable legal and other requirements assist in continually improving environmental performance In addition to improved environmental performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective EMS include assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management maintaining good public/community relations satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital obtaining insurance at reasonable cost enhancing image and market share
Potential benefits associated with an effective EMS include improving cost control reducing incidents that result in liability conserving input materials and energy facilitating attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their requirements promoting environmental awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems improving industry-government relations
Having an EMS can help organizations to assure interested parties that management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets, emphasis is placed on prevention evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided the system's design incorporates continual improvement process
Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an EMS An organization whose management system incorporates an EMS has a framework to balance and integrate economic and environmental interests Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management EMS also provides organizations the opportunity
to link environmental objectives and targets with specific financial outcomes to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and environmental terms
An organization that has implemented an EMS can achieve significant competitive advantages

Prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, Subcommittee SC 3, Supporting technologies. Provides guidance on
auditing management systems, including the principles of auditing, managing an audit program and conducting management system audits evaluation of competence of individuals involved in the audit process, including the person managing the audit program, auditors and audit teams.
Applicable to all organizations that need to conduct internal or external audits of management systems or manage an audit program. Application of this International Standard to other types of audits is possible, provided that special consideration is given to the specific competence needed

Since the first edition of this Standard (2002), a number of new management system standards have been published
there is now a need to consider a broader scope of management system auditing, and providing a more generic guidance
In 2006, the ISO committee for conformity assessment (CASCO) developed ISO/IEC 17021 ISO/IEC 17021 sets out requirements for third party certification of management systems 2nd edition of ISO/IEC 17021: 2011 has transformed the guidance offered in ISO 19011: 2011 into requirements for management system certification audits ISO 19011: 2011 provides guidance for all users and concentrates on
internal audits (first party) audits conducted by customers on their suppliers (second party)
Management system certification audits (including audits for legal, regulatory and similar purposes) follow the requirements of ISO/IEC 17021:2011

This Standard does not state requirements, but provides guidance on
management of an audit programme planning and conducting of an audit of the management system competence and evaluation of an auditor and an audit team
This Standard is intended to apply to a broad range of potential users, including auditors, organizations implementing management systems, and organizations needing to conduct audits of management systems for contractual or regulatory reasons
Users of this Standard can, however, apply this guidance in developing their own audit-related requirements
The guidance in this Standard can also be used for the purpose of self-declaration
This standard can be useful to organizations involved in auditor training or personnel certification

The guidance in this Standard is intended to be flexible, and use of this guidance can differ depending
On the size and level of maturity of an organizations management system On the nature and complexity of the organization to be audited, On the objectives and scope of the audits to be conducted.
This Standard introduces the concept of risk to management systems auditing - the approach adopted relates
to the risk of the audit process not achieving its objectives to the potential of the audit to interfere with the auditees activities and processes
The standard does not provide specific guidance on the organizations risk management process, but recognizes that organizations can focus audit effort on matters of significance to the management system.

Combined Audit: auditing together of 2 or more management systems of different disciplines
Where two or more management systems are integrated into a single system, the principles and processes of auditing are the same as for a combined audit.
Clause 4 describes the principles on which auditing is based help the user to understand the essential nature of auditing Clause 5 provides guidance on establishing and managing an audit program, establishing the audit program objectives, and coordinating auditing activities Clause 6 provides guidance on planning and conducting an audit of a management system. Clause 7 provides guidance relating to the competence and evaluation of management system auditors and audit teams Annex A illustrates the application of the guidance in Clause 7 to different disciplines Annex B provides additional guidance for auditors on planning and conducting audits
Contains principles and requirements for the competence, consistency and impartiality of the audit and certification of management systems (MS) of all types and for the bodies providing auditing and certification activities Certification of MSs is a third party conformity assessment activity by third party conformity assessment bodies (certification body/bodies)
Certification of MS is sometimes called as registration and certification bodies as registrars Certification body can be either governmental or nongovernmental
This standard can be used as a criteria document for accreditation or peer assessment or other audit pocesses In this Standard, the word shall indicates a requirement and the word should a recommendation.
Certification of a MS is one means of providing assurance that the organization has implemented a system for the management of relevant aspects of its activities, in line with its policy. This Standard specifies requirements for certification bodies Observance of these requirements is intended to ensure that certification bodies operate MS certification in a competent, consistent and impartial manner (thereby facilitate recognition of certification bodies and acceptance of their certifications nationally and internationally) This Standard serves as a foundation for facilitating recognition of MS certification in the interests of international trade. Certification of a MS provides independent demonstration that the MS of the organization
conforms to specified requirements is capable of consistently achieving its stated policy and objectives is effectively implemented.
Conformity assessment, such as, certification of a MS, provides value to the organization, its customers and interested parties. Clause 4 of this standard describes the principles on which credible certification is based
These principles help to understand the essential nature of certification and are a necessary prelude to Clauses 5 to 10 These principles underpin all the requirements in this Standard, but are not auditable requirements in their own right
Clause 10 describes two alternative ways of supporting and demonstrating consistent achievement of the requirements through establishment of a MS by the certification body This Standard is intended for use by bodies that carry out audit and certification of MSs
It gives generic requirements for the certification bodies performing audit and certification Certification activities involve the audit of an organization's MS
The form of attestation of conformity of an organization's MS to a specific MS standard or other normative requirements is normally a certification document or a certificate. The Standard includes new text adding specific requirements for third-party certification auditing and management of competence of personnel involved in certification. This Standard provides requirements for MS auditing at a generic level
aimed at providing reliable determination of conformity to applicable requirements for certification conducted by a competent audit team, with adequate resources and following a consistent process with the results reported in a consistent manner.
This Standard is applicable to the auditing and certification of any type of MS

some of the requirements, those related to auditor competence, can be supplemented by additional criteria to achieve interested parties expectations.
ISO 14005:2010, Environmental management systems -- Guidelines for the phased implementation of an environmental management system, including the use of environmental performance evaluation
Provides guidance for all organizations, but particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises, on the phased development, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an EMS It includes advice on the integration and use of environmental performance evaluation techniques Applicable to any organization, regardless of its level of development, the nature of the activities undertaken or the location at which they occur.
ISO 14006:2011, Environmental management systems -- Guidelines for incorporating eco design
Provides guidelines to assist organizations in establishing, documenting, implementing, maintaining and continually improving their management of eco-design as part of an EMS Intended to be used by those organizations that have implemented an EMS in accordance with ISO 14001
can also help in integrating eco-design in other management systems
The guidelines are applicable to any organization regardless of its size or activity Applies to those product-related environmental aspects that the organization can control and those it can influence. ISO 14006:2011 does not establish by itself specific environmental performance criteria It is not intended for certification purposes
ISO 14015:2001, Environmental management -Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)
Provides guidance on how to conduct an EASO through a systematic process of identifying environmental aspects and environmental issues and determining, if appropriate, their business consequences Covers
roles and responsibilities of the parties to the assessment (the client, the assessor and the representative of the assessee) stages of the assessment process (planning, information gathering and validation, evaluation and reporting)
It does not provide guidance on how to conduct other types of environmental assessment
initial environmental reviews environmental audits (including EMS and regulatory compliance audits) environmental impact assessments environmental performance evaluations
Intrusive investigations and site remediation, as well as the decision to proceed with them, are outside the scope of this International Standard. This Standard is not intended for use as a specification standard for certification or registration purposes or for the establishment of EMS requirements Use of this International Standard does not imply that other standards and legislation are imposed on the client/assessee.
Organizations are increasingly interested in understanding the environmental issues associated with their sites and activities or those of potential acquisitions. These issues and associated business consequences can be appraised by means of an Environmental Assessment of the Site and Organization (EASO)
EASO may be carried out during operations or at the time of acquisition or divestiture of assets EASO may be conducted as part of a broader business assessment process often referred to as "due diligence
ISO 14015: 2001 gives guidance on how to conduct an EASO provides the basis
for harmonization of the terminology used for a structured, consistent, transparent and objective approach to conducting such environmental assessments
Can be used by all organizations, including small- and mediumsized enterprises, operating anywhere in the world
This Standard is flexible in its application and may be used for self-assessments and also for external assessments, with or without the need to employ third parties. Users of this Standard:
industry, past, present and possible future users of the sites, and organizations with a financial interest in the industry or site likely to be used in connection with the transfer of responsibilities and obligations.
Information used during an EASO may be derived from sources, such as EMS audits, regulatory compliance audits, EIAs, environmental performance evaluations or site investigations EASO draws conclusions relating to business consequences associated with environmental aspects and issues, through evaluating both existing and newly acquired information The conclusions should be based on objective information
In the absence of validated information, an EASO assessor may exercise professional judgement in evaluating the available information and drawing conclusions
ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations -- General principles

Environmental labels and declarations are one of the tools of environmental management Establishes guiding principles for the development and use of environmental labels and declarations The other applicable standards in the ISO 14020 series are intended to be used in conjunction with this Standard This standard is not intended for use as a specification for certification and registration purposes Other standards in the series are intended to be consistent with the principles set forth in this Standard
Other standards currently in the ISO 14020 series are ISO 14021, ISO 14024 and ISO/TR 14025

Environmental labels and declarations provide information about a product/service in terms of its overall environmental character (a specific or any number of environmental aspect) Purchasers use the labels and declarations information in choosing the products and service Providers hope the labels and declarations will influence purchasing decisions in favour of their products and services Market share of product/service can increase if its environmental aspects are improved and if the environmental labels and declarations can be used Ultimate result of environmental labels and declarations can be reduced environmental stress from the product/service category

Environmental labels and declarations provide information about a product or service in terms of its overall environmental character, a specific environmental aspect, or any number of aspects Purchasers can use this information in choosing the products or services based on environmental, as well as other, considerations Provider of the product/service hopes the environmental label or declaration will be effective in influencing the purchasing decision If the environmental label or declaration is effective, market share of the product/service will increase other providers of the product/service will respond by improving the environmental aspects of their products/services to enable them to use environmental labels or make environmental declarations The result will be reduced environmental stress from the product or service category in question.
ISO 14021:1999, Environmental labels and declarations -- Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling)
ISO 14024:1999, Environmental labels and declarations -- Type I environmental labelling -Principles and procedures
ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations -- Type III environmental declarations -Principles and procedures
Establishes the principles and specifies the procedures for developing
Type III environmental declaration programmes Type III environmental declarations
It specifically establishes the use of ISO 14040 series of standards in the development of Type III environmental declaration programmes and Type III environmental declarations Establishes principles for the use of environmental information, in addition to those given in ISO 14020:2000 Type III environmental declarations are primarily intended for use in business-to-business communication, but their use in business-to-consumer communication under certain conditions is not precluded.
ISO 14031:1999, Environmental management -Environmental performance evaluation -- Guidelines

Gives guidance on the design and use of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) within an organization
applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size, location and complexity
It does not establish environmental performance levels It is not intended for use as a specification standard
for certification or registration purposes or for the establishment of any other EMS conformance requirements
Organizations seek ways to understand, demonstrate and improve their environmental performance.
Environmental performance can be achieved by effectively managing the significant environmental aspects of their activities, products and services
EPE is an internal management process and tool designed to provide with reliable and verifiable information on an ongoing basis to determine whether the environmental performance is meeting the criteria set by the management

An organization with an environmental management system in place should assess its environmental performance against its environmental policy, objectives, targets and other environmental performance criteria. When an organization does not have an environmental management system, EPE can assist the organization in:
identifying its environmental aspects; determining which aspects it will treat as significant; setting criteria for its environmental performance; and assessing its environmental performance against these criteria.
ISO 14031 supports the requirements in ISO 14001 and the guidance in ISO 14004, but it can also be used independently EPE and environmental audits help organizations management
to assess the status of its environmental performance to identify areas for improvement

EPE is an ongoing process of collection and assessment of data and information to provide a current evaluation of performance, and performance trends over time
Environmental audits on the other hand are conducted periodically to verify conformance to defined requirements Guidance on environmental auditing is provided in ISO 19011 : 2011 and ISO 17021: 2011
Tools management can use to provide additional information for EPE include
Environmental reviews Life cycle assessment (LCA)
While EPE focuses on describing environmental performance of an organization, LCA assesses the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with product and service systems
Further guidance on LCA is provided in ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006
Relevant information derived from these and other data sources can support implementation of the EPE, and implementation of other management tools.
ISO/TS 14033:2012, Environmental management -Quantitative environmental information -Guidelines and examples
supports the application of standards and reports on environmental management Provides guidelines on how to acquire quantitative environmental information and data and implement methodology guidelines to organizations on general principles, policy, strategy and activities necessary to obtain quantitative environmental information for internal and/or external purposes (example) to establish inventory routines and support decision making related to environmental policies and strategies, aimed in particular at comparing quantitative environmental information The information is related to organizations, activities, facilities, technologies or products.
ISO/TS 14033:2012, Environmental management -Quantitative environmental information -Guidelines and examples
addresses issues related to defining, collecting, processing, interpreting and presenting quantitative environmental information provides guidelines on how to establish accuracy, verifiability and reliability for the intended use utilizes proven and well-established approaches for the preparation of information adapted to the specific needs of environmental management It is applicable to all organizations, regardless of their size, type, location, structure, activities, products, level of development and whether or not they have an environmental management system in place ISO/TS 14033:2012 supplements the contents of other International Standards on environmental management.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and framework
Describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA) including:
definition of the goal and scope of the LCA life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase life cycle interpretation phase reporting and critical review of the LCA limitations of the LCA relationship between the LCA phases conditions for use of value choices and optional elements
It does not describe the LCA technique in detail, nor does it specify methodologies for individual phases of LCA Intended application of LCA or LCI results is considered during definition of the goal and scope, but the application itself is outside the scope of this Standard ISO 14040: 2006, and ISO 14044:2006, cancels/replaces ISO 14040:1997, 14041:1998, 14042:2000 & 14043:2000
Increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection, and possible impacts associated with products, have increased interest in the development of methods to better understand and address the impacts LCA (life cycle assessment) is one of the techniques developed for this purpose - LCA can assist in
identifying opportunities to improve environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, informing decision-makers in industry, government or NGOs (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process design or redesign) selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurement techniques marketing (e.g. implementing eco-labelling scheme, making environmental claims, or producing environmental declaration)
For practitioners of LCA, ISO 14044 details the requirements for conducting an LCA.
LCA addresses environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout a product's life cycle
Product life cycle: from raw material acquisition to end-of-life treatment, recycling & final disposal through production, use
There are four phases in LCA study:

1. 2. 3. 4. Goal and scope definition phase Life cycle inventory analysis phase (LCI Phase) Life cycle impact assessment phase (LCIA Phase) Interpretation phase
The scope, including system boundary and level of detail, of LCA depends on the subject and the intended use of the study
depth and breadth of LCA can differ considerably depending on the goal of a particular LCA
Life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase involves collection of data to prepare an inventory of input/output data with regard to the system being studied to meet goals of the defined study
Purpose of the LCIA phase is to provide additional information to help assess a product systems LCI results so as to better understand their environmental significance. Life cycle interpretation phase involves summarizing and discussion of the results of LCI or of LCIA, or both, and using as a basis for conclusions, recommendations and decisionmaking in accordance with the goal and scope of the study LCI study: Cases where the goal of a LCA can be satisfied by performing only an inventory analysis and an interpretation This Standard covers two types of studies:
life cycle assessment studies (LCA studies) life cycle inventory studies (LCI studies) - similar to LCA studies but exclude the LCIA phase
Information developed in a LCA or LCI study can be used as part of a much more comprehensive decision process
Comparing results of different LCA or LCI studies is possible only if the assumptions and context of the study are equivalent
This Standard contains several requirements and recommendations to ensure transparency on the assumptions and context of the study and other issues
LCA is one of the several environmental management techniques (risk assessment, environmental performance evaluation, environmental auditing, and environmental impact assessment)
It might not be the most appropriate one to use in all the situations
LCA typically does not address the economic or social aspects of a product
Still the life cycle approach and methodologies of this Standard can be applied to these other aspects
ISO 14040: 2006 is not intended to be used

to create non-tariff trade barriers to increase or change an organization's legal obligations
ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines
specifies requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle assessment (LCA) including
definition of the goal and scope of the LCA the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase the life cycle interpretation phase reporting and critical review of the LCA limitations of the LCA relationship between the LCA phases conditions for use of value choices and optional elements.
covers life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies.
The increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection, and the possible impacts associated with products1), both manufactured and consumed, has increased interest in the development of methods to better understand and address these impacts. One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA can assist in identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, informing decision-makers in industry, government or nongovernment organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process design or redesign), the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurement techniques, and marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making
LCA addresses the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts2) (e.g. use of resources and environmental consequences of releases) throughout a product's life cycle from raw material acquisition through production, use, end-of-life treatment, recycling and final disposal (i.e. cradle-to-grave). There are four phases in an LCA study: a) the goal and scope definition phase, b) the inventory analysis phase, c) the impact assessment phase, and d) the interpretation phase. The scope, including system boundary and level of detail, of an LCA depends on the subject and the intended use of the study. The depth and the breadth of LCA can differ
Life cycle interpretation is the final phase of the LCA procedure, in which the results of an LCI or an LCIA, or both, are summarized and discussed as a basis for conclusions, recommendations and decision-making in accordance with the goal and scope definition. There are cases where the goal of an LCA may be satisfied by performing only an inventory analysis and an interpretation. This is usually referred to as an LCI study. This International Standard covers two types of studies: ife cycle assessment studies (LCA studies) and life cycle inventory studies (LCI studies). LCI studies are similar to LCA studies but exclude the LCIA phase. LCI are not to be confused with the LCI phase of an LCA study. Generally, the information developed in an LCA or LCI study can be used as part of a much more comprehensive
ISO 14045:2012, Environmental management -Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems -Principles, requirements and guidelines
Describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency assessment for product systems including:
the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment; the environmental assessment; the product-system-value assessment; the quantification of eco-efficiency; interpretation (including quality assurance); reporting; critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment.
Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environmental impact and values are not included The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during the goal and scope definition phase actual use of the results is outside the scope of ISO
ISO/TR 14047:2012, Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -- Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to impact assessment situations
Provides examples to illustrate current practice of life cycle impact assessment according to ISO 14044:2006 (sample of all possible examples that could satisfy the provisions of ISO 14044) The examples offer "a way" or "ways" rather than the "unique way" of applying ISO 14044 The examples reflect the key elements of the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase of the LCA
ISO/TS 14048:2002, Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format
provides the requirements and a structure for a data documentation format - for transparent and unambiguous documentation and exchange of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data
permits consistent documentation of data, reporting of data collection, data calculation and data quality, by specifying and structuring relevant information.
The data documentation format specifies requirements on division of data documentation into data fields, each with an explanatory description
description of each data field is further specified by the structure of the data documentation format.
This Technical Specification is applicable to the specification and structuring of questionnaire forms and information systems
it can also be applied to other aspects of the management of environmental data.
ISO/TS 14048:2002, Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format
This Technical Specification does not include requirements on completeness of data documentation The data documentation format is independent of any software or database platform for implementation This Technical Specification does not require any specific sequential, graphic or procedural solutions for the presentation or treatment of data This technical specification does not describe specific modelling methodologies for LCI and LCA data
ISO/TR 14049:2012, Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -- Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
provides examples about practices in carrying out a life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) as a means of satisfying certain provisions of ISO 14044:2006 These examples are only a sample of the possible cases satisfying the provisions of ISO 14044, and offer "a way" or "ways" rather than the "unique way" for the application of ISO 14044
ISO 14064: 2006, Greenhouse gases

ISO 14064 consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions
ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
Specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and verification of an organization's GHG inventory
ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

GHG initiatives to limit greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earths atmosphere rely on the quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG emissions and/or removals. ISO 14064-1 details principles and requirements for designing, developing, managing and reporting organization- or companylevel GHG inventories It includes
requirements for determining GHG emission boundaries, quantifying an organization's GHG emissions and removals identifying specific company actions or activities aimed at improving GHG management
It also includes
requirements and guidance on inventory quality management, reporting, internal auditing and the organization's responsibilities for verification activities.

ISO 14064-2 focuses on GHG projects or project-based activities specifically designed to reduce GHG emissions or increase GHG removals ISO 14064-2 includes principles and requirements
for determining project baseline scenarios for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project performance relative to the baseline scenario
It provides basis for GHG projects to be validated and verified ISO 14064-3 details principles and requirements for
verifying GHG inventories validating or verifying GHG projects
ISO 14064-3 describes the process for GHG-related validation or verification and specifies components
validation or verification planning assessment procedures evaluation of organization or project GHG assertions
ISO 14064-3 can be used by organizations or independent parties to validate or verify GHG assertions
Level of assurance consitent with needs of intended user
Relationship between the parts of ISO 14064

ISO 14064 is expected to benefit organizations, governments, project proponents and stakeholders worldwide by providing clarity and consistency for quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or verifying GHG inventories or projects Specifically, use of ISO 14064 could
enhance the environmental integrity of GHG quantification, enhance the credibility, consistency and transparency of GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting, including GHG project emission reductions and removal enhancements, facilitate the development and implementation of an organization's GHG management strategies and plans, facilitate the development and implementation of GHG projects, facilitate the ability to track performance and progress in the reduction of GHG emissions and/or increase in GHG removals facilitate the crediting and trade of GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements.

Users of ISO 14064 could find benefit from some of the following applications:
a) corporate risk management: for example, the identification and management of risks and opportunities
b) voluntary initiatives: for example, participation in voluntary GHG registry or reporting initiatives c) GHG markets: for example, the buying and selling of GHG allowances or credits
d) regulatory/government reporting: for example, credit for early action, negotiated agreements or national reporting programs

ISO 14064-1 incorporates many key concepts and requirements stated by World Business Council for Sustainable Development/ World Resources Institute
Users of ISO 14064-1 are encouraged to refer World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)/World Resources Institute (WRI). Greenhouse Gas Protocol, Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, April 2004 for additional guidance on applying relevant concepts and requirements
Some clauses require users of ISO 14064-1 to explain the use of certain approaches or decisions taken such explanation will generally include the following documentation:
How approaches were used or decisions taken. Why approaches were chosen or decisions made.
Some clauses require users of ISO 14064-1 to justify the use of certain approaches or decisions taken such justification will generally include the following documentation:
How approaches were used or decisions taken. Why approaches were chosen or decisions made. Why alternative approaches were not chosen.
ISO 14064-2:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements
Specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of activities intended to cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions or removal enhancements It includes
requirements for planning a GHG project identifying and selecting GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project baseline scenario monitoring, quantifying, documenting and reporting GHG project performance managing data quality
ISO 14064-3:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions
Specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance for those conducting or managing the validation and/or verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) assertions
It can be applied to organizational or GHG project quantification, including GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting carried out in accordance with ISO 14064-1 or ISO 14064-2.
Specifies requirements for

selecting GHG validators/verifiers establishing the level of assurance, objectives, criteria and scope determining the validation/verification approach Assessing GHG data, information information systems and controls evaluating GHG assertions preparing validation/verification statements.
ISO 14065:2007, Greenhouse gases -- Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition
specifies principles and requirements for bodies that undertake validation or verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) assertions. It is GHG programme neutral
If a GHG programme is applicable, the requirements of that GHG programme are additional to the requirements of ISO 14065:2007
ISO 14066:2011, Greenhouse gases -- Competence requirements for greenhouse gas validation teams and verification teams
specifies competence requirements for validation teams and verification teams ISO 14066:2011 complements the implementation of ISO 14065. ISO 14066:2011 is not linked to any particular greenhouse gas (GHG) programme
If a particular GHG programme is applicable, competence requirements of that GHG programme are additional to the requirements of ISO 14066:2011.
Specifies competence requirements for validation and verification teams for the benefit of GHG program administrators, regulators, and validation and verification bodies Requirements for GHG validation bodies and GHG verification bodies are established in ISO 14065 ISO 14065 requires that validation bodies and verification bodies establish and maintain a procedure to manage competence of its personnel undertaking various validation or verification activities The validation or verification body should ensure that teams have necessary competence to effectively complete the validation or verification process
This Standard includes principles for ensuring competence of validation teams and verification teams Supporting these principles, there are general requirements based on the tasks the teams need to perform and competence required to perform This Standard can be used in conjunction with ISO 14065 as the basis for assessing and recognizing the competence of the validation and the verification teams. Users of the Standard are encouraged to refer to
ISO 14064-1 and 14064-2 for GHG quantification and reporting ISO 14064-3 for GHG validation and verification
Figure: Relationships between the application of ISO 14066 and ISO 14064-1, ISO 14064-2, ISO 14064-3 and ISO 14065.

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ISO, ISO Standards Development Process, ISO 14000 Family of Standards and Other Related ISO Standards

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Review of international standards (for confirmation, revision or withdrawal)

ISO and the Environment

ISOs Management System Standards

ISO management system standards include

ISOs Management System Standards

ISOs Management System Standards

ISO 9000 family of standards

Other standards of ISO 9000 family cover subjects like

ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management

ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management

TC 207/SC 7: Green house gas management and related activities

ISO committee for conformity assessment (CASCO) developed

ISO 14000 family of standards

Compatibility with other management system standards

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 1 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 2 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 3 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 4 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 5 Secretariat

Standards and projects under the direct responsibility of TC 207/SC 7 Secretariat

Other closely related standards

ISO guide 64: 2008

ISO guide 64: 2008

ISO guide 64: 2008

ISO guide 64: 2008

Why? What? How?

ISO guide 64: 2008

ISO 14050:2009, Environmental Management Vocabulary

ISO 14063:2006, Environmental management -Environmental communication -- Guidelines and examples

Organizations undertake environmental reviews or audits to assess their environmental performance

encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an EMS

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems

ISO 19011: 2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems

This Standard is applicable to the auditing and certification of any type of MS

ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations -- General principles

ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations -- General principles

ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations -- General principles

ISO 14031:1999, Environmental management -Environmental performance evaluation -- Guidelines

ISO 14031:1999, Environmental management -Environmental performance evaluation -- Guidelines

ISO 14031:1999, Environmental management -Environmental performance evaluation -- Guidelines

There are four phases in LCA study:

ISO 14040: 2006 is not intended to be used

ISO 14064: 2006, Greenhouse gases

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

Level of assurance consitent with needs of intended user

Relationship between the parts of ISO 14064

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1

ISO 14064-2:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 2

Specifies requirements for

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