HAEMOLYMPHOID

TISSUE

COMPONENTS

HAEM

LYMPHOID

LYMPHOID TISSUE

Primary
Bone marrow Thymus

Secondary
Capsulated
Lymph node Spleen

Non capsulated
MALT Tonsils

BLOOD CELLS

LEUCOCYTES
Granulocytes
Neutrophils

Basophils
Eosinophils

Non-Granulocytes
Lymphocyte Monocyte

DEFENCE MECHANISM
1st line Protective surface mechanism
Skin Seromucous surfaces - Lysozyme Respiratory tract - Mucous Stomach, Vagina - Acid

DEFENCE MECHANISM
2nd line Non specific mechanism

INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Inflammation Acute / Chronic COMPONENTS
Neutrophils Basophils Histiocytes Complement Eosinophils Macrophages Mast cells Cytokines

DEFENCE MECHANISM
3rd line Specific mechanism

ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Immune system COMPONENTS
Lymphocytes Macrophage

LYMPHOCYTES 20-50%

Small
6-9 m

Large
9-15 m

LYMPHOCYTES
B Cells 20-30%
Antibody production Humoral immunity

T Cells 70 80%
Cytotoxic cells

Cellular immunity

TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES

T helper (TH cells) INTERLEUKINS

Cytotoxic T (Tc cells)

Suppressor T (Ts cells)

Memory T cells

NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS

CYTOTOXIC T CELL

LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE MARKERS

Transmembrane proteins
Cluster of differentiation (CD)
Antigen receptor
Accessory binding/costimulatory molecules Signal transduction molecules

Complement receptor
Interleukin receptor

ANTIGENS
Peptides

Proteins
Polysaccharides

ANTIBODIES
Immunoglobulins Bind to specific antigens IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM. IgE

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

TYPES

OF
IMMUNOGLOBULINS

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL

Macrophage- Monocyte Dendritic cell B lymphocytes

Vascular cell
Dermal fibroblast Thyroid epithelial cell Brain astrocytes Bone marrow derived cell

MHC / HLA
Major Histocompatibility Complex Human Leucocyte Antigen

MHC I
All cells

MHC II
B cells

APCs
Macrophages

COMPLEMENT
Plasma proteins

Clotting factors
Bring about

- increase vascularity
- cell lysis

- opsonisation
- activates & attracts leucocytes (chemotaxis)

FORMATION OF TISSUE FLUID

ARTERIAL END VENOUS END

Hydrostatic P Filtration P

= 36mm Hg = 11mm Hg

Hydrostatic P Filtration P

= 16mm Hg = 09mm Hg

Protein osmotic P = 25mm Hg

Protein osmotic P = 25mm Hg

HAEMOLYMPHATIC SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

Lymph Vessels
Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels proper

Lymphoid Tissue
1 Lymphatic follicles Lymph nodes

Terminal Lymph ducts

Haemolymph nodes
Thymus

LYMPH CAPILLARY

Interstitial space Opening

Tissue cell
Anchoring filament Endothelium of lymph capillary lymph

FUNCTIONS
Drains colloid components & particulate matters
Absorption of digested fat Filters lymph Produces lymphocytes Produces immune substances

THANK YOU