LUBE REFINERY

PRAPHUL.KP.(R 160308010)
RAJASEKHAR KANUMURI(R160308011)
Lube ?

Lubes are high value petroleum products which have

a very dominant role in boosting national economy.
Produced in lube refineries, these are actually complex
formulations containing highly refined base stocks and
specialized additives and are used to perform a variety
of static and dynamic functions.
FUNCTIONS OF LUBE OIL
Reduce friction and wear

Remove heat

Resist corrosion
Industrialization

Rapid growth of automotive lube market

 LUBE SPECIFICATIONS

qNEUTRAL LUBES - Side cut of vacuum distillation tower

qBRIGHT STOKE LUBES-Vacuum residue from vacuum

tower bottoms

qVIRGIN BASE OIL-Refining crude

qREFINED BASE OIL-From used oils

qFINISHED LUBE-Blended lube to final specifications

 QUALITY
SPECIFICATIONS
§Kinematic viscosity

§Viscosity index(V.I)

§Pour point

§Colour

§Flash point

§Density
Determined by ASTM,SAE or API
 PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATIONS

vAre requirements of equipments or vehicle

manufactures

vSpecified by organizations like API,SAE….

IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
§Viscosity

§Viscosity Index

§Oxidation stability

§Pour point

§Thermal stability

§Volatility

§Colour

§Flash point
VISCOITY INDEX:

Amount of change in viscosity of the oil with temperature

is called the Viscosity Index.

V I for Passenger Car Motor Oils(PCMO)- 95-110

OXIDATION STABILITY

Important for operating under severe conditions

VOLATILITY

Important for reduced evaporation and oil consumption

 GENERAL TYPES OF
LUBES
1. MINERAL OILS FROM CRUDE PROCESSING

•Normal paraffins
Excellent properties, High V I
Solidify into wax at normal temperature

•Iso paraffins
Best for automotive engines, High V I, Low pour point

•Cyclo paraffins (Naphthenes)

Medium V I, Bet for constant temperature applications like
steam turbines
•Aromatics
Very low V I
Very poor lubricants, Tends to decompose, oxidise

2. SYNTHETIC LUBES OF POLY ALPHA OLEFINES

Conventional lube refining utilizes the solvent extraction
process to separate undesirable materials from the natural
desirable lube oil molecules present in the crude.

Most of the crude don’t have enough desirable molecules in

them to justify the expense of the elaborate separation
process.

So lube crudes are segregated and separated distinctly from

other crudes.

Usually 4 to 7 different lube cuts are processed through the

sequence of lube refining units.
LUBE MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
 Vacuum distillation o Phenol extraction
unit

 Deasphalting o NMP extraction

 Solvent extraction Dewaxing

o Furfural extraction Hydrofinishing

vdu

hydro
treati
ng
Solvent Hydrotreating
dewaxing and blending
Solve
ntextr
action

Lubes Greases
Waxes
Lube refining process
A comparison
CRUDE REFINING REREFINING

 For1 kl lube base  For1kl base stocks

stocks about 67 kl 1.6kl used lube oil is
lube bearing crude to required.
be processed.
 clay
98%H2SO4

H2O+Dilutents

Slud
ge
Acid Clay
Used Water settli
treatment treatment
lube oil removal ng

Acid sludge

Additive
Filtration
blending
Acid clay process
for rerefining
LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVES
Lube refining in India

HPCL owns and operates the largest Lube

Refinery in the country- Mumbai refinery,
producing Lube Base Oils of International
standard, with a capacity of 335 TMT.
This Lube Refinery accounts for over
40%of the India’s total Lube Base Oil
production.
THANK YOU