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POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA

POWER SCENARIO
POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component for multidimensional growth and basic human need Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry - important for global competition. Clean and Green Sustainable Power need of the day. Energy Security

EVOLUTION OF POWER SECTOR

POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

Electricity - Concurrent Subject : joint responsibility of State and Central Governments. Bulk of transmission and distribution functions with State Utilities. Private sector - small presence in Distribution and making entry into Transmission.

POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro and nuclear sources. Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation. Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for smaller proportion of power. Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal. Captive power plants being encouraged to supply surplus power to Grid.

GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN INDIA

(figs. in MW)

Thermal Hydro

Nuclear Renewable
1,24,287 1,32,329
'06 '07

'47

1,362

2,695

'55

'61

4,653

9,027

'66

16,664

'74

28,448

'80

42,585

'85

63,636

'90

81,171

'95

1,05,046

'02

1,07,877

'03

1,18,426

'04

2,24,907 *
'12 (Projeced)

Source: CEA

* Total generation as on 30-06-2011 is 1,76,990 MW

COUNTRYS SHARE OF COAL IN TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS
% of Coal based Capacity in Total Generating Capacity

73 69

71 68

Share in % (app.)

% of Coal based Generation in Total Generation

61

59

57

53

Upto 30-06-2011 coal based capacity is 9,6743 MW out of total thermal capacity 1,15,649 MW

2000

2003

2005

2008

Year

ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS (COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)

Source: CEA

MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF GOVERNMENT

1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act 2001- Electricity Conservation Act 2003- Electricity Act February ,2005- National Electricity Policy January 2006- National Tariff Policy August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy. January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan constituted by Planning Commission. August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY THE WAY FORWARD

Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years. Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012 Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by providing adequate spinning reserves Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient manner . Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and commercial viability Consumers interests to be accorded top priority.

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to consumers Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in January,2005.

Role of private participation in generation, transmission and distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly growing investment needs. Central and State Governments to develop workable and successful models for public private partnership.
Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment in transmission sector

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving quality of service to consumer Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses. Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same area through their independent distribution system

OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in phases in distribution. Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative framework for open access. Well planned and strong transmission and distribution system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission capacities Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective delivery of power. Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the power sector.

PRESENT POWER SCENARIO

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY (as on 31 August, 2008)

st

NUCLEAR 4120 2.8%

R.E.S., 12195 8.4%

HYDRO, 36198, 24.8%

THERMAL 93115 64%

TOTAL IC-1,45,627 MW

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS

Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at Bandel TPS First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977 First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984 Committee constituted by CEA recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in future In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units planned

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN INDIA

MS. Pr MS/RH Temp Gross Efficiency (HHV ) (%) ~31 32-33

Unit Size

kg/cm2 30-50 60-100 60 90

oC

482 535

110/120/140
210 250 500

130
150 150 170

535/535
535/535 535/535 538/538

35-36
37.8 38.4 38.6

210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the Total Capacity

Details of IC of renewable energy sources

(As on 31.03.2008)

Sources / Systems
Wind Power

Installed Capacity ( MW)

Biomass Power & Biomass Gasifiers Small Hydro Power

Solar power & others Total

7666.84 1325.63

2034.07 87.87 11,125.41

TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

Development in a phased manner commensurate with generation / load growth. Economy in generation through efficient transmission Conservation of Right-of-Way

In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of lines with high towers / high voltage rating leading to reduced forest cutting.
High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)

EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

National Grid

Regional Grids with ATS of Central Generation State Grids by SEBs

Interconnecting Regional Grids with HVDC

1990s

1970-80s

Shift from Regional self sufficiency concept to National level Planning

1950s

Local

1950-60s

2000 onwards
Towards National Grid System

BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID

Encourage Competition and Choice by facilitating electricity trade
1129 % increase in number of approved transactions in Short-term Open Access at Inter State level 82% increase in volume of energy traded in Short-term Open Access at Inter State level
35000 30000 30000

25000 22526
Energy in Millon Units

23134

20000 16441 15000

10000

5000

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

Energy Traded

(Contd. .)

BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID

(Contd. .)

Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid disturbances

Grid Disturbances
100 80
Nos.

74 53

60 40 20 0 2001-02 3

4 2002-03

2 0 2004-05 Year

1 0 2005-06

0 0 2006-07
Minor

0 0 2007-08
Major

2003-04

Development of Transmission Voltages Levels

132 kV Highest level at the time of Independence Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960 400 kV in 1977 HVDC back-to-back link in 1989, 500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990 765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.

GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS

Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm)

293,210 197,927 150,477 119,290 209,072

1997

2002

2007

2008 ( upto Feb )

2012 (proj.)

Source: CEA

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA

Growth Pattern

kWh/year 613 632 672 704

1000

559 348 176

1980- 199081 91

2000- 2004- 2005- 200601 05 06 07

2007- 201108 12
(Projected)

As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Source: CEA Population)

STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and peak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08). As per Census 2001, only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%. Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.

ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (2007-08)

Peak (MW)
Requirement Availability
(-)Shortage/ (+)Surplus

Energy (MU) 7,37,052 6,64,660 (-)72,392

1,08,886 90,793 (-)18,093

(%)

(-)16.6

(-)9.8

ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (April,08-August,08)

Peak (MW) Requirement Availability 1,06,922 91,363

Energy (MU) 3,18,813 2,84,861

(-)Shortage/ (+)Surplus (%)

(-) 15,559
(-) 14.6

(-)33,952
(-) 10.6

CAPTIVE POWER
National Electricity Policy stipulates liberal provisions for setting up captive power plants Installed Capacity if Captive plants- 22,335 MW
(10th Plan end)

Open Access to be made effective

Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which are
Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed. Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed 7% of the generation cost within the state.

Captive Power

Very high electricity duty imposed on captive power generation by some states.

Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by some state. To be brought down

Fixation of reasonable tariff by State Regulatory Commission for surplus power available from CPPs.
To make available additional fuel required by CPPs SERCs to promote arrangements between cogenerator and concerned distribution licensee for purchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants.

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

Inadequate power generation capacity Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity Inadequate inter-regional transmission links Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution network
Cont..

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff structure Slow pace of rural electrification Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer Lack of grid discipline

CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING FOR 11TH AND 12TH PLAN

10TH PLAN TARGET AND ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION

(MW) Original Target Capacity Slipped / Dropped Net Capacity Addition from Original Target Additional Projects identified during the Plan Capacity Slipping from additional projects Net Capacity Addition from additional Projects 1,351 41,110 21,281 19,829 8,320 6,969

Net Capacity added during 10 TH Plan

21,180*
6

* Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro 7,886 MW, Nuclear 1180 MW

MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)

Original Plan S.No 1 2 Major Reasons for Slippage Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractors Delay in tie-up super critical technology by BHEL (one unit at Sipat and one at Kahalgaon were replaced by 500 MW units) Non-availability of Gas Delay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLC Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financial closure not achieved/funds not tied up Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects) Hydro Project - delay in environmental clearance, geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues, delay in signing of MoU, Court Cases Law & Order Problems Nuclear projects included on best effort basis(otherwise scheduled for XI plan) Adjustment due to change of size Total - 990 14554 220 6507 500 Thermal 2670 3960 1713 1423 5278 2391 3155 60 1220 91 6969* 222 1450 835 23 Nuclear 220 Hydro 679 Additional ProjectsThermal 3350

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total slippage: 21,281MW

* Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during Mid Term Review

Major Steps of Integrated approach

Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent possible. National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC), Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small size generating units, Coal quality improvement

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER

POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

STRATEGY

Large emphasis on hydro development. Constraints restricting progress are large gestation period, high capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law & order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage private participation in hydro power generation. Limited dependability on gas based capacity Availability of gas at reasonable rates being a constraint for gas based projects. During 11th Plan only about 6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged. Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a larger scale being taken but contribution minor as yet. Renewables.

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER

POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

- STRATEGY

Renewable energy sources to be made economically viable- At present can play

dominant role in meeting remote located demands where not economic to extend the grid.
Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years.

Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum energy from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on environment

Development of Hydro Power projects

Plan Period Hydro Capacity Total Hydro Capacity Addition (MW) at the end of plan (MW) 15627 30000 31000 36494 50280 80280 111280 147774

11th Plan (2007-08 to 2011 - 12) 12th Plan (2012-13 to 2016-17) 13th Plan (2017 - 18 to 2021-22) 14th Plan (2022-23 to 2026 - 27)

DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT

Year Energy Requirement (BU) Peak Demand (MW) Proposed Capacity Addition during 5 year plan (MW) Generation growth rate (CAGR)

2011-12

1038

1,52,000

77,070* ( 11th Plan) 94,000 (12th Plan)

9.5% (over
2006-07)

2016-17

1470

2,18,209

7.4% (over
2011-12)

* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th PLAN (SECTORWISE)

15,043 MW
(19%)
PVT SECTOR STATE SECTOR CENTRAL SECTOR

26,783 MW
(34%)

36,874 MW
47%

Total 78,700 MW

FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR 11th PLAN 77,070* MW

NUCLEAR, 3,380MW, 4.3% HYDRO, 15,507MW, 20.2%

THERMAL, 58,183MW, 75.5%

Thermal 58,183 MW ( Coal 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW) : New Renewables 14,000 MW : Captive 12,000 MW * Feasible capacity as per latest assessment Additional capacity expected

11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS

10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About 11,000 MW slippages due to causes attributable to equipment suppliers and contractors.

11th Plan 77,070 MW - 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till date) - 65,666 MW (83%) under construction - 85% hydro capacity under construction - Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects
- All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up from local sources category.

Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort

Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available at reasonable price

INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY INPUTS

On 4th-5th July,2007 organized by CBIP/MoP/CEA. Purpose-To discuss issues to be addressed to ensure timely Implementation of projects during 11th Plan and beyond .

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of Main Plant and Balance Of Plant Equipment
Constraints in supply of main equipment for thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc. Need to develop additional domestic players to adequately meet additional demand and promote competition.

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

Construction and Erection Agencies & Equipment
Augmentation required in number of construction agencies undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling, dam construction etc. Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up civil construction. New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

Fuel Availability
Requirement of coal for 11th Plan 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT of Indian coal to be imported Requirement of gas (90% PLF) 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient

Transportation for fuel and equipment

Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining blocks Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

Transmission & Distribution Equipment
Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial augmentation in manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities. Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new vendors Increase in demand of CRGO Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings. Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be trained. More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects. Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

Critical Key Inputs
To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO Advanced planning for material to be imported CRGO to be exempt from custom duty Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy

Manpower Development & Training CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to
adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power Sector to be utilized by them. Quick implementation of National Training Policys recommendation allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increase to 5% for meeting training needs Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and O& M

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

Delays in clearances Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive role R&D
Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budget allocation for R&D To attract young talent

11th Plan tentative targets for grid interactive renewable power

(Figures in MW)

Sources / Systems Wind Power Biomass Power Baggasse Cogeneration Biomass Gasifiers Small Hydro (up to 25 MW)

Target for 11th plan

10,500 2,100 1400

Total

14,000

Targets for 12th Plan likely to be at least 14,000 MW

Village Electrification
Number of villages electrified increased from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in 2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village electrification).

Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be more than 11th Plan due to incentives by MNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power plants Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW Renewable power expected. Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67 BU. This energy considered while planning for 12th Plan

12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition

Demand as per 17th EPS Energy Requirement 13,92,066 BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW Spinning Reserve 5% as per National Electricity Policy. Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked out 25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations. As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431 which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW LC, 14,800 MW Coastal) Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. 82,970 MW Fuel consumption(2016-17) Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP 0.18%; ENS 0.00% (Norms LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)

13th Plan Tentative Capacity Expansion

ASSUMPTIONS 17th EPS Demand Energy Requirement- 19,14,508 MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW Spinning Reserve - 5% . Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite based capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity
upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit size)

Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060 MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas) LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria met.

STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AND GREEN ENVIRONMENT

Existing status of CO2 per capita emission different countries

Country India USA Australia U.K Japan China World
Per capita CO2 emission in 2004 (tonnes/MWhr of CO2) 1.2 20.6 16.2 9.8 9.9 3.8 4.5

UNDP Human Development report 2007/08

 Clean Coal technologies

Supercritical Technology 2% efficiency gain possible Ultra Supercritical Technology additional efficiency 0.75% over 800 MW supercritical Integrated Gasification Technology higher efficiency of 4045%

Reduction in T & D losses All India T&D losses- 28.65%

in 2006-07. Aim to bring down to 15%

R & M of old thermal power stations Benefits of CDM to be extended to overcome fund constraints Energy Efficiency improvement

TECHNOLOGIES USED AT COMBUSTION STAGE Clean coal technologies( CCT) have pollution abatement in energy conversion process so external environmental control equipments not required
MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

Adoption of Supercritical technology Ultra supercritical (USC) and advanced USC technology Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion ( CFBC) Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) In-Situ gasification Low NOx burners Oxy-fuel combustion

UNIT-WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal +

lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)
UNIT SIZE IN MW NO. OF UNITS CAPACITY(MW) DESIGN EFFICIENCY(%) Actual Operating Efficiency(%)

Upto 100

95

5634 28.2 to 31.3

>100 & upto 199 200/210

250

73
157 17

8440
33,580 4,250

34.4
35.6 to 37.04 38.3

500

36

18,000

38.6

Sub-critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th, 13th & 14th Plans

600 MW (nos) 500 MW (nos) 250/300 200/210 125/135 Total /330 MW MW Subcritical MW (nos) (nos) MW (nos) 7 62 12 0 0 9 6 0 0 0 4 14 2 0 0 9620 45470 18270 4000 0

10TH Plan 11TH Plan 12th Plan 13TH Plan 14th Plan

0 8 7 0 0

11 42 20 8 0

Super-critical units in 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th & 14th Plans

Total Sub critical MW 10TH Plan 11TH Plan 9620 45470 660 MW (nos) 800 MW (nos) Total Super critical MW 0 5420 Total MW

0 7

0 1

9620 50890

12th Plan
13TH Plan 14th Plan

18270
4000 0

25
36 45

33
36 52

42,900
52,560 71,300

61,170
56,560 71,300

Comparison of Sub-critical/Super critical Capacity In Various Plans (MW)

80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000
9620 18270 5420 0 45470 42900 52560 71300

10000 0 10th Plan

4000 0

11th Plan

12th Plan

13th Plan

14th Plan

Sub-Critical

Super Critical

ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION RATES

All India thermal efficiency 32.44% (2006-07)
(coal & lignite based plants)

Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2 /MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)

Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission

End of The Plan Coal Based Capaci ty Additio n (MW) Cumulati ve Coal Base d Capacity (MW) Total Gener ation from Coal Based Plants (BU) Coal Consumpti on (MT) Co2 Emissio n (MT) Co2 Emissio n per unit of Thermal Generati on Expected Ther mal Effici ency Total Ash Genera tion (MT)

11th Plan

50240

116610

708

492

722

1.02

35.3

182

12th Plan

58485

175095

1164

785

1152

0.99

36.4

278

13th Plan

56500

231595

1542

1028

1507

0.97

36.85

363

14th Plan

72000

303595

2033

1337

1961

0.96

37.3

471

Requirement Of Planning Process

Data of Existing Plants
Outage Rate, Heat Rate, Auxiliary Consumption, Monthly Energy If Hydro Project, Coal Price

Data,Capacity (MW),Life of the plant, Capital Cost, Executing Agency Candidate Projects Demand data Load Curves Hourly demand data of Past one Year

Planning Models In CEA

Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN) Expansion Generation Electric Analysis System (EGEAS) Multysym Model

Thank You