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ByR.D.DESHMUKH
What is 4G? Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an anytime , anywhere basis. It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system.
History of 4G technology
Why 4G is required?
Due to massive demand of new services like data , audio , image or video .
Features of 4G TECHNOLOGY
Transmission system
an e.g. of 4G network
Technology used in 4G
OFDM
UWB
Smart antennas IPv6
IPv6
. IPv6
means Internet Protocol Version 6 . The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4. Understanding of IPv6 in 4G- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9 - all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages. - the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be thehome address purpose.
IPv6 continue
The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the care-of address After these addresses from cell and PC established a link, care-of address will work instead of home address; it means that communication channel will switch from the first set to to the second set of the IPv6 address. The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as mobile IP address. It is the communication channel to wire-line network and wireless network. An agent between the cell phones and PC will use this mobile IP address to establish a channel to cell phones. The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be local network address for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.
QOS(quality of service)
In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability. 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%). In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.
Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .
User-level QoS depends on user mobility and application type .
Crisis Management
Virtual Navigation
Limitations
Interoperability between the signaling techniques that are planned for use in 4G.
Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of 4G technology.The equipment required to implement the nextgeneration network are still very expensive. A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is how to make the network architectures compatible with each other. This was one of the unmet goals of 3G.
As regards the operating area, rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing wireless networks.
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