Presented By:-

Mohit Agrawal
Sukrati Mishra
Ruchi singh
Sheelendra yadav
Under the guidance of :-

Mr.Devendra Kumar
Objective.
Why we choose this project ?
Introduction to Microstrip Antenna
Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna.
Feed Techniques.
Different Types of Feeding Techniques.
Comparison of different feed techniques.
Advantages & Disadvantages.
Design Considerations For Rectangular Patch Antenna.
Designing Equations.
Contd.
Methodology of the Project.
The essential parameters for the design.
Conventional Design.
Designing Procedure for RP Antenna.
Future scope.
References.

The aim of the project is to design and fabricate rectangular Microstrip Patch
Antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), substrate
Dielectric constant (r) , Substrate thickness (h) on the Radiation parameters of
Bandwidth and Beam-width.

And also the effect of various dielectric constants on rectangular Microstrip patch
antenna performance is investigated. By keeping the substrate Thickness Constant
over various dielectric constants from 2.2 to 12.

Investigation of Simulated response using IE3D Simulator and MATLAB.

The main reasons are..

With the wide spread proliferation of wireless communication technology
in recent years, the demand for compact, low profile and broadband
antennas has increased significantly.

Sizes and weights of various wireless electronic systems (e.g. mobile
handsets) have rapidly reduced due to the development of modern
integrated circuit technology.

A Microstrip antenna (MSA) is well suited for wireless communication
due to its light weight, low volume and low profile planar configuration
which can be easily conformed to the host surface.

However, MSAs suffers from low bandwidth. MSA bandwidth is greatly
affected by the dielectric substrate material used in its design.

Ground Plane
h
Conducting strip
W
t

r
Dielectric
substrate
A conducting strip with a width W and a thickness t is on the top of a
dielectric substrate that has a relative dielectric constant and a thickness h
and the bottom of the substrate is a conducting plane.
Contd.
Definition
A transmission line consisting of a strip conductor and a
ground plane separated by a dielectric medium.
Fundamentals
Realize L & C with Width & Length at higher RF frequencies


Conductor of Width : w
Height : h
Relative permittivity :
r
Thickness : t
Frequency : f
Contd.

MICROSTRIP LINE:
Transmission characteristics of Microstrips are
described by two parameters, namely, the
effective dielectric constant
re
and characteristic
impedance Z
c
, which may be obtained by [ 3]

W/h>1.

The electric field is at a maximum at both edges
and goes to zero in the center.

2
1
12 1
2
1
2
1

(

+
+
=
W
h
r r
re
c c
c
An antenna projects radiation into space.

Microstrip antennas starting in 1970s, although the idea of a microstrip
antenna is a patent in 1955.

Microstrip antennas consist of very thin layer metallic strip (patch) placed a
small fraction of a wavelength (h<<
0
) above a ground plane.

A source is used to feed the antenna.

Antennas radiate better in certain directions and not as well in others.

Figure shows the design of conventional
patch.

Substrate clad with two conductive
layers (FR4 Glass Epoxy, Duroid,
alumina).

Resonant frequency based on dimensions
and substrate properties.

Coaxial probe used as transmission line
to excite patch antenna


Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods.

These methods can be classified into two categories-
1.contacting
2.non-contacting.

In the contacting method, the RF power is fed directly to the radiating patch using
a connecting element such as a microstrip line.

In the non-contacting scheme, electromagnetic field coupling is done to transfer
power between the microstrip line and the radiating patch
Advantages
Low cost ,small size ,no cutoff frequency
Compatibility to monolithic circuits
Disadvantages
Higher loss, lower power-handling capability
Greater temperature instability
Applications of Microstrip Line
Navigation
Spacecrafts
Satellites, Mobile and Wireless Applications
Military applications like radars, electronic counter
measures and electronic support measures
From reference [2]
.(1)

(2)

....(3)

..(4)


re r
f
c
L
c 2
=
L L L
eff
A = 2
) 813 . 0 )( 258 . 0 (
) 246 . 0 )( 3 . 0 (
412 . 0
+
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
.
|

\
|
+
= A
h
W
h
W
h L
re
re
c
c
o
re
f
c
W
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
2
1
2
c
) 5 .( .......... .......... .......... .......... 12 1
2
1
2
1
2
1

+
+
=
W
h
r r
re
c c
c

From Reference [3]
Study of Microstrip patch antenna

Design and Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antenna on Different Dielectric
Constant

Simulation & verification using IE3D and MATLAB of rectangular patch
antenna.

Comparison between simulated and measured results of different dielectric
constant.


Height of the substrate = 1.59mm

The height h of the dielectric substrate is usually 0.003 oh0.05 o.

The resonant frequency selected for my design is 2.0 GHz.

Dielectric constant of the substrate (r): The dielectric material
selected for my design is variable.
For Duroid 5880 = 2.2
For slicon = 2.55
For FR4 = 4.0
For Alumina = 9.8




Designing Procedure:-

For an efficient radiator a practical width that leads to good radiation
efficiency is calculated using equation 4.

Determine the effective dielectric constant of microstrip antenna using eq.
5

Determine the extension of the length dL using eq. 3.

Actual length of the patch can now be determine by solving eq. 1.


In this project an antenna has been designed with different
design parameters.

Taking all into consideration we can say that there are many
aspects that affect the performance of antenna.

Dimensions, selection of the substrate, Feed techniques and
also the operating frequency can also effect the performance.

The characteristics of proposed antennas have been
investigated through different parametric studies using IE3D
simulation software and MATLAB.
Integrating Monolithic MIC technology is still a most
challenging problem. Integration of new material such
as Meta material , artifical magnetic conductors and
soft/hard surfaces into antenna technology offers many
opportunites.

Because of many new applications, the lower portion of
the EM spectrum has been saturated and design have
been pushed to higher frequencies, including the
millimeter wave frequency bands.
1. Ahamed Maruf et.al.(2012). Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2GHz
on Different Dielectric Constant for Pervasive Wireless Communication.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3,
pp. 31-39.

2. Ali Dheyab and Karim Hamad (2011). Improving Bandwidth of Rectangular
Patch Antenna using Different Thickness of Dielectric Substrate. ARPN
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 16-21.

3. Balanis, Contantine A. (1997). Antenna Theory Analysis and Design. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., 2nd Edition, pp. 722- 751.

4. Dafalla (2004). Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 1GHz.
RF and Microwave Conference, Subang, Selangor, Malaysia, pp. 145-149.

5. D. D. Sandu et.al.(2003). Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dielectric Substrate.
Journal of Optoelectronics and Advance Materials, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 1381-
1387.