GPRS Tel

GPRS General Telecom Presentation
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Industry confidential
Agenda Service overview General architecture GPRS Network Operations Radio interface Gb interface Data transfer
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SERVICE OVERVIEW
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Service overview Data transfer with GSM Circuit-Switched
Air interface
Access node
Internet GSM network
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Service overview Data transfer with GPRS
Air interface
GPRS network
Packet data network Internet LAN
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Service overview
GPRS provides end-to-end packet-switched data transmission between MS users and fixed packet data networks GPRS is a GSM feature GPRS provides efficient utilization of the radio resources: multislot operation flexible sharing of radio resources between MS bit rates up to 160 kbit/s per carrier, approximately resources are allocated only when data are transmitted charging is based on data volume transmitted, not on connection time
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Service overview
Market Wireless Network Computer (Laptop, PDA, Notepad)
Examples Mobile offices, Corporate Network access (e.g. E-mail) Internet access, Information retrieval Optimal support of Java applications On-line banking, Mobile games (e.g. chess)
Traffic management
GPRS Mobile in car Fleet management Railway, Automatic train control Road Transport Informatics
Remote Telematics
Security supervision Utility meter reading, Remote control, POS
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Service overview
Three MS class modes of operation are defined: class A : simultaneous attach + traffic class B : simultaneous attach but exclusive traffic (the MS can be paged for a CS call, while performing GPRS) class C : exclusive attach
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GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
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General Architecture
The BSS is used for both circuit-switched and GPRS services GPRS backbone network in between the PDN and the BSS The BSS has 2 clients: The MSC, for circuit-switched services (A interface) The GPRS backbone network, for GPRS (Gb interface) The GPRS mobility is managed by the SGSN (Gb interface) The A interface is unchanged
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General Architecture
MSC/VLR
PSTN
BSS
Gi GPRS Backbone Gi
PDN e.g. X25 PDN e.g. IP
Gb
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General Architecture GPRS Interfaces

MSC/ VLR HLR Gs Gr Gc
BSS Gb Gp
SGSN Gn
GGSN Gi Gf
PDN
GGSN other PLMN
EIR
Signalling and data interface Signalling interface
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General Architecture GPRS Interfaces

Gr: SGSN-HLR interface MAP (Mobile Application Part), TCAP, SCCP, MTP3/2 update/cancel location Gs: MSC/VLR-SGSN interface BSSAP+ (Base Station System Application Part +), SCCP, MTP3/2 attach, update location, circuit paging Gf: SGSN-EIR interface MAP (Mobile Application Part), TCAP, SCCP, MTP3/2 Ge: GGSN-HLR interface MAP (Mobile Application Part), TCAP, SCCP, MTP3/2 Gn: SGSN-GGSN interface GTP, UDP, IP PDP context creation/deletion/modification route monitoring
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General Architecture GPRS backbone architecture

GPRS backbone is an IP network which is composed of routers Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) At the same hierarchical level as the MSC. Linked to several BSSs Keeps track of the individual MSs location Performs security functions and access control Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Linked to one or several data networks Provides interworking with external packet-switched networks Connected with SGSNs via an IP-based GPRS backbone network
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General Architecture GPRS backbone architecture

PLMN
BSS SGSN BSS IP-based GPRS backbone
GGSN
PDN
GGSN SGSN
PDN
GGSN
other PLMN
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General Architecture GPRS Transmission Plane
Application IP / X.25
Relay
IP / X.25 SNDCP LLC

Relay
SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um RLC MAC BSSGP
GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1 Gn
GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1 Gi
BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
Network Service GSM RF L1bis
MS
BSS
SGSN Transmission Plane
GGSN
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GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) tunnels user data and signaling between GSNs, in the GPRS backbone network TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) carries GTP PDUs in the GPRS backbone network for protocols that need a reliable data link UDP (User Datagram Protocol) carries GTP PDUs in the GPRS backbone network for protocols that dont need a reliable data link IP (Internet Protocol) SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol) maps network-level characteristics onto the characteristics of the underlying network (packet segmentation, data compression) GSM-RF layer radio sub-system

LLC (Logical Link Control) provides a highly reliable ciphered logical link which is independent of the underlying radio interface protocols BSSGP (Base Station System GPRS Protocol) conveys user and GMM/SM signalling LLC-PDUs, offers primitives for management of the BVCs between BSS and SGSN NS (Network Service) transports BSSGP PDUs and is based on frame relay connection between BSS and SGSN RLC/MAC (Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control) RLC provides segmentation/reassembly of LLC-PDUs and transport in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode of RLC data blocks. MAC controls the access signaling procedures for radio channel and the mapping of RLC frames onto the GSM physical channel
General Architecture GPRS Signalling Plane
GMM/SM LLC
Relay
GMM/SM LLC RLC MAC BSSGP BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
RLC MAC GSM RF Um
Network Service GSM RF L1bis
MS
BSS Signalling Plane MS - SGSN
SGSN
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General Architecture GPRS Signalling Plane

GMM (GPRS Mobility management) GPRS attach / detach, routeing area update, paging, security (authentication, ciphering command),... SM (Session management) PDP context activation / deactivation, modification, GPRS attach/detach
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GPRS NETWORK OPERATIONS
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GPRS Network Operations GPRS Attach

GPRS Attach function is similar to IMSI Attach Authenticates the MS Generates the Ciphering Key Allocates TLLI Copy subscriber profile from HLR to SGSN After GPRS Attach The location of the MS is tracked Communication between MS and SGSN is secured Charging information is collected SGSN knows what the subscriber is allowed to do HLR knows the location of the MS in accuracy of SGSN
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GPRS Network Operations PDP Context Activation

An user can activate each of the subscribed PDP addresses separately User may have several PDP contexts but zero, only one or a few of them are active No data transmission is possible before the PDP address is activated Activation procedure MS sends Activation Request to SGSN SGSN verifies the subscription information of MS SGSN informs GGSN about new PDP type and address GGSN creates a context and acknowledge to SGSN SGSN sends acknowledge to MS Mobile Originating and Mobile Terminating data transmission is now possible
GPRS Network Operations PDP Context Activation

When a PDP Context is activated: SGSN has a logical bidirectional tunnel between the MS and the GGSN GGSN has a PDP address activated and mapped to the MS Location of the MS is known in accuracy of SGSN Data Transfer MS can send Mobile Originating data packets Computers in external data network can send packets to MS using MSs PDP address as destination
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GPRS Network Operations Mobility Management

Instead of Location Area, GPRS uses Routing Areas to group cells. RA is a subset of LA. MM States: IDLE : MS is not known by the network READY : MSs location is known in accuracy of cell MS must inform its location after every cell change MS can initiate Mobile Originating transfer at any time SGSN does not need to page MS before Mobile Terminating data transfer
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STANBY : MSs location is known in accuracy of Routing Area MS must inform its location after every Routing Area change ( no need to inform if MS changes from one cell to another within the same Routing Area ) Before the network can perform Mobile Terminating data transfer MS must be paged within the Routing Area MS may initiate Mobile Originating data transfer at any time
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Inter-SGSN RA update
MS sends Routing Area Update request to new SGSN New SGSN asks from old SGSN the context of the MS New SGSN updates GGSN New SGSN updates HLR HLR cancels the context in old SGSN HLR loads the subscriber data to new SGSN New SGSN acknowledges to the MS
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GPRS Network Operations Interworking with GSM services

Interworking with GSM services is offered by the Gs interface
Combined GPRS and IMSI Attach : to save Radio Resources MS sends combined GPRS and IMSI Attach to SGSN ( SGSN may authenticate the MS ) SGSN informs MSC/VLR about the new MS VLR set MS reachable by GPRS flag and stores SGSN address MSC may allocate new TMSI for MS SGSN sends acknowledge ( and new TMSI and TLLI ) to MS
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Combined Location and Routing Area update : to save Radio Resources MS indicates its request for combined update This is done when both Location and Routing Area changes in the same time Combined Location and Routing Area update is not done if MS has CS connection MS sends combined Location and Routing Area update to SGSN SGSN derives the MSC/VLR address from Location Area Id and informs MSC/VLR MSC/VLR updates its location area info SGSN acknowledges to MS

Paging CS services via GPRS network : MSC/VLR gets Mobile Terminating call or SMS In VLR, presence of SGSN address tells that the MS is in GPRS attached state MSC/VLR sends the paging request to SGSN address ( not to BSC ) SGSN checks the location of MS ( identified by IMSI ) SGSN pages the MS via GPRS channels indicating CS Page status MS replies to the page using normal GSM channels
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GPRS Network Operations Network Modes of Operation

Three network operation modes are defined: Network operation mode I The network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS, either on the same channel as the GPRS paging channel, or on a GPRS traffic channel This means that the MS needs only to monitor one paging channel and that it receives CS paging messages on the PDCH when it has been assigned a PDCH. Network operation mode II The network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS, on the CCCH paging channel, which is also used for GPRS paging This means that the MS needs only to monitor the PCH, but that CS paging continues on the PCH even if the MS has been assigned a PDCH.
GPRS Network Operations Network Modes of Operation

Network operation mode III The network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS, on the CCCH paging channel, and sends a GPRS paging message either on PPCH (if there is a master PDCH) or on PCH. This means that the MS that wants to receive pages for both CS and PS shall monitor PCH and PPCH (if there is a master PDCH)
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GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode I
MSC
Gs
PPCH or PCH or PACCH
CS paging PS paging BSS SGSN

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MS
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GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode II
MSC
CS paging MS PCH PS paging BSS

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SGSN
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GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode III
MSC
PCH MS PPCH BSS

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CS paging PS paging SGSN

RADIO INTERFACE
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Radio Interface Time-slots and Frames

1 TDMA frame = 8 TS (4,615 ms)
7 0
48
49
50
51
1 (52-frame) multiframe = 52 TDMA frames (240 ms)
frame 0 block B0
4 B1
8 B2
1 2
13 B3
17 B4
21 B5
2 5
26 B6
30 B7
34 B8
3 8
39 B9
43 B10
47
5 1
B11 x
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Radio Interface Time-slots and Frames

The access scheme is Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), with 8 basic physical channels (time-slots) per carrier A GPRS time-slot is named a Packet Data Channel (PDCH) The sharing of the physical channels is based on blocks of 4 consecutive bursts. A PDCH is mapped dynamically on a 52-multiframe The 52-multiframe consists of 12 blocks of 4 consecutive frames 2 idle frames (frames 25 and 51) 2 frames used for the PTCCH (frames 12 and 38)
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Radio Interface Packet data logical channels

PCCCH (Packet Common Control Channel) PRACH (Packet Random Access Channel) PPCH (Packet Paging Channel) PAGCH (Packet Access Grant Channel) PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control Channel) PTCH (Packet Traffic Channel) PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic Channel) PACCH (Packet Associated Control Channel) PTCCH (Packet Timing Advance Control Channel)
PBCCH and PCCCH are optional When they are present, they are called Master PDCH When they are not present, CCCH and BCCH are used for common signalling purposes
Radio Interface Channel Coding

On the radio interface, data can be coded according to 4 different coding schemes: CS1: 8 Kbit/s, per PDCH (always used for signalling) CS2: 12 Kbit/s, per PDCH CS3: 14.4 Kbit/s, per PDCH CS4: 20 Kbit/s, per PDCH Dynamic coding scheme adaptation is handled, according to radio conditions
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Radio Interface Timing Advance

The timing advance procedure comprises 2 parts: Initial Timing advance estimation Continuous timing advance index
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Radio Interface Initial timing Advance

Initial timing advance estimation UL data transfer It is based on BTS measurements, on the single access burst carrying the Packet Channel Request (on PRACH) or Channel Request (on RACH) The Packet UL Resource Assignment (on PAGCH) or the UL Immediate assignment (on AGCH) carries the estimated timing advance value to the MS This value is used by the MS until the continuous timing advance update provides a new value DL data transfer The polling indication is sent in the Packet DL Resource Assignment to request to the MS a Packet Control Ack as four access bursts, on which the timing advance will be calculated, by the BTS
Radio Interface Continuous timing Advance

Continuous timing advance update This procedure is carried only on the PDCH which carries PACCH. For packet transfer (UL or DL), the MS is assigned a Timing Advance Index (TAI) which determines on which UL frame an access burst has to be sent The TAI allows 16 different positions in groups of eight 52multiframes (frames 12 and 38: PTCCH) The BTS analyses the received access burst and determines a new timing value Timing advance values are broadcast DL, on frames 12 and 38
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Radio Interface RLC Layer

RLC layer handles the following functions Data transmission in an Acknowledged mode (unsuccessfully delivered RLC data blocks are selectively retransmitted) Data transmission in an Unacknowledged mode LLC-PDU segmentation, in the DownLink direction LLC-PDU re-assembly, in the UpLink direction
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Radio Interface MAC Layer Multiplexing principles

Temporary Block Flow (TBF) A TBF is a physical connection used by 2 RR entities to support the unidirectional transfer of LLC-PDUs on PDCHs The TBF is allocated radio resource on one or more PDCHs and comprises a number of RLC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDUs A TBF is temporary and is maintained only for the duration of the data transfer. A TBF is identified by a Temporary Flow Identity (TFI) Medium access modes Three modes exist: Dynamic allocation Extended dynamic allocation Fixed allocation
Radio Interface MAC Layer Dynamic allocation

The control of the multiplexing of different MSs on an uplink PDCH uses the USF (Uplink State Flag) mechanism. The USF is a token which is distributed, by the network, at UL TBF establishment (one USF per allocated PDCH) The uplink multiplexing is scheduled by USF values included in the header of each RLC downlink block The USF value in downlink block Bn schedules the uplink block Bn+1. (i.e. MS which has been allocated this USF, can use Bn+1 either as a PDTCH or a PACCH) On the master PDCH, a specific USF value is reserved (USF = FREE) to schedule a PRACH. Another USF value is reserved to schedule a block for PACCH related to a downlink TBF
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Radio Interface System information

The MS shall monitor the System Information broadcast in the cell. If PBCCH is present in the serving cell: The MS shall receive the PSI messages broadcast on PBCCH The presence of an activated PBCCH in the cell is indicated by the PBCCH location description, in the SI13 message on BCCH When camping on a cell where PBCCH is present the MS shall attempt to receive the PSI1 message at least every 30s If PBCCH is not present in the serving cell: The MS shall receive the SI messages broadcast on BCCH The absence of an activated PBCCH in the cell is notified by an SI13 message without a PBCCH description When camping on a cell where PBCCH is not present the MS shall attempt to receive the SI13 message or the PSI13 message at least every 30s (PSI13 may be broadcast on PACCH to avoid the MS in transfer mode to have to read BCCH)
Radio Interface Radio Resource Management

The allocation of physical channels to Circuit Switched services and GPRS is done dynamically according to the capacity-on-demand (i.e. GPRS load is supervised to allocate or deallocate PDCHs) Common control signalling, required by GPRS, in the initial phase of the packet transfer is conveyed on PCCCH, when allocated, or on CCCH. GPRS doesnt require permanently allocated PDCHs. GPRS master channel allocation may be dynamic, according to GPRS signalling load.
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Radio Interface TBF establishment

The establishment of a TBF can be initiated either by the MS or by the network. UL TBF establishment The packet access can be done in either one phase or 2 phases (2 phase access is necessary to request a RLC unacknowledge mode and to send the MS multi-slot class, when the access is on CCCH) The packet access uses either the PCCCH (if there ia a master PDCH) or the CCCH The establishment can also be done on PACCH if a DL TBF is on-going.
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Radio Interface TBF establishment

DL TBF establishment The procedure may be entered either when the MS is in packet idle mode (access on PCCCH or CCCH) or when the MS is in packet transfer mode (i.e. an UL TBF is already established) (access on PACCH)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on PCCCH MS

Packet Channel Request (PRACH) Packet Uplink Assignment + polling (PAGCH)
Network
(1)
(2)
(4)
Packet Control Ack (PACCH) RLC data block (PDTCH)
(3)
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack (PACCH)
(5)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on PCCCH

(1): The Packet Channel Request is received on the PRACH and indicates one phase access. In case the request can be satisfied, a Packet UL Assignment message is sent to the MS with a TFI, the allocated PDCHs with their USF, the initial timing advance value (calculated on reception of the Packet Channel Request) and the Timing advance Index (to be used for continuous timing advance index). (2): The network forces the MS to send a Packet Control Acknowledgement (polling indication) to be sure that the UL TBF has been successfully established The MS listens to the allocated PDCHs to detect its USF.
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on PCCCH

(3): On reception of the Packet Control Ack, the network begins to schedule UL blocks, with the USF mechanism (4): The MS transmits UL blocks when allowed by the network. The MS shall provide its TLLI in RLC data blocks, until the end of the contention resolution (i.e. reception of the Packet UL ack/Nack with its TLLI) (5): The network acknowledges as soon as one of these blocks is correctly received (i.e. the MS using the TBF is non-ambiguously identified)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on CCCH MS

Channel Request (RACH) Immediate Assignment (AGCH) Packet Uplink Assignment + polling (PACCH)
Network
(1)
(2)
(3)
Packet Control Ack (PACCH) RLC data block (PDTCH) Packet Uplink Ack/Nack (PACCH)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on CCCH

(1): The Channel Request is received on the RACH and indicates one phase access. In case the request can be satisfied, an Immediate Assignment message is sent to the MS with a TFI, one allocated PDCH with its USF, the initial timing advance value (calculated on reception of the Packet Channel Request) and the Timing advance Index (to be used for continuous timing advance index). A timer is activated to give time to the MS to take into account this message
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment One phase access on CCCH

(2): At timer expiry, a Packet UL Assignment message is sent to MS, assigning the same resources as those assigned previously, but without initial timing advance value. The network forces the MS to send a Packet Control Acknowledgement (polling indication) to be sure that the UL TBF has been successfully established (3): Then, the same process than on PCCCH occurs.
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment Two phase access on PCCCH MS

Packet Channel Request (PRACH) Packet Uplink Assignment (PAGCH)
Network
(1) (3)
(2)
(4)
Packet Resource Request (on allocated block)

Packet Uplink Assignment + polling Packet Control Ack (PACCH)
RLC data block (PDTCH)
(5)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment Two phase access on PCCCH

(1): The Packet Channel Request is received on the PRACH and indicates two phase access. A Packet UL Assignment message is sent to the MS with the definition of one UL block and the initial timing advance value (calculated on reception of the Packet Channel Request). No TFI, no USF and no TAI are assigned to the MS (2): At the occurrence of the allocated UL radio block, the MFS sends a Packet Resource Request.
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment Two phase access on PCCCH

(3): A Packet UL Assignment is sent to the MS on the PDCH from which it received the Packet Resource Request A TFI, PDCHs with their respective USF and the Timing Advance Index are allocated (4): The network forces the MS to acknowledge the resource allocation (with the polling indication) The MS listens to the allocated PDCHs to detect its USF. (5): The network schedules UL blocks with the USF mechanism
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment Two phase access on CCCH MS

Channel Request (RACH) Immediate Assignment (AGCH)
Network
(1) (3)
(2)
(4)
Packet Resource Request (allocated block)

Packet Uplink Assignment + polling Packet Control Ack (PACCH)
(5)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment Two phase access on CCCH

(1): The Channel Request is received on the RACH and indicates two phase access. An Immediate Assignment message is sent to the MS with the definition of one UL block and the initial timing advance value (calculated on reception of the Channel Request). No TFI, no USF and no TAI are assigned to the MS (2): At the occurrence of the allocated UL radio block, the MFS sends a Packet Resource Request. (3): Then same procedure as with PCCCH
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment (MS in packet transfer mode) MS

RLC data block, polling (PDTCH)
Network
(1)
(2)
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack (PACCH)
Packet Uplink Assignment + polling (PACCH)

Packet Control Ack (PACCH) RLC data block (PDTCH)
(3)
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Radio Interface UL TBF establishment (MS in packet transfer mode)

(1): A DL transfer is on-going. (2): The MS requests establishment of an UL TBF by including a Channel Request description IE in the Packet downlink Ack/Nack message. (3): The Packet UL assignment is sent on the PACCH of the DL TBF, assigning an UL TFI, the PDCH(s) carrying the TBF with their respective USF and a TAI (no initial timing advance value is provided)
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment on PCCCH MS Network

(1)
Packet Downlink Assignment, polling (PPCH)
(2)
Packet Control Ack (on the allocated block) Packet power ctrl/timing advance (PACCH)
(3)
(4)
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment on PCCCH

(1): A packet DL Assignment message is sent with a TFI, PDCHs and a Timing Advance Index (no initial timing advance value is provided) (2): The network forces the MS to acknowledge to be sure that the DL TBF has been successfully established and to be able to compute an initial timing advance value (3): The initial timing advance value is sent to the MS (4): Then, data transfer begins
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment on CCCH MS

Immediate Assignment (PCH) Packet Downlink Assignment, polling (PPCH)
Network
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment on CCCH

(1): An Immediate assignment is sent with a TFI, one PDCH and a Timing Advance Index (no initial timing advance value is provided). A timer is activated to give time to the MS to take into account this message. At timer expiry, a packet DL Assignment message is sent with the TFI, PDCHs (additional PDCHs may be allocated, since only one PDCH can be allocated when using CCCH) and the Timing Advance Index (2), (3) and (4) same procedure as on PCCCH
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment (MS in packet transfer mode) MS

Network
(1)
Packet Downlink Assignment, polling (PACCH)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Radio Interface DL TBF establishment (MS in packet transfer mode)

(1): An UL TBF is on-going. A Packet DL Assignment message is sent, on the PACCH of the UL TBF, with a DL TFI, PDCHs and a Timing Advance Index (no initial timing advance value is provided) (2): The network forces the MS to acknowledge to be sure that the DL TBF has been successfully established (3): The initial timing advance value is sent to the MS (not necessary, but sent to have only one process for DL TBF establishment) (4): Then, DL data transfer begins
Gb INTERFACE
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Gb interface
BSSGP
NS (NSC)
BSSGP
NS (NSC)
NS (SNS)
NS (SNS)
L1
FR network
L1
BSS
SGSN
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Gb interface
L1 Physical layer Network Service (NS)
Sub-Network Service (SNS): dependent of the network Provides access to the frame relay network Network Service Control (NSC): independent of the network Manages end-to-end logical connections between the BSS and the SGSN.
BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) Conveys LLC-PDUs and GPRS Mobility Management signalling
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Gb interface Gb entities
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Bearer Channel (BC) A BC is a n x 64 Kbit/s channel on a 2048 Kbit/s link and supports a set of PVCs Permanent Virtual Channel (PVC) A Frame Relay PVC allows the service of multiplexing on a BC. At network, a PVC is identified by its Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) which is independent of the one defined at SGSN side. DLCI 0 is used for signalling. Network Service Virtual Channel (NS-VC) A NS-VC provides end-to-end communication between the BSS and the SGSN irrespective of the exact configuration of the Gb interface. There is a one-to-one mapping between one NS-VC and one FR PVC. Network Service Entity (NSE) A NSE manages the resources associated to one BSS. It groups several NS-VCs
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BSSGP Virtual Connection (BVC) A BVC is a virtual end-to-end path between the BSS and the SGSN. Three types of BVCs exist: Point-To-Point (PTP) BVC devoted to the GPRS traffic of one cell signalling BVC which is the signalling circuit of all the BVC-PTPs of one NSE Point-To Multipoint (PTM)
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Gb interface NS functions
BSSGP PDU transfer (NS UNITDATA PDUs are unacknowledged) UL BSSGP PDUs load-sharing, among all the NS-VCs of one NSE NS-VC management procedures Blocking/unblocking of an NS-VC When a NS-VC becomes locally unavailable either at the BSS or at the SGSN side, the remote NS enity is informed by means of a blocking procedure. A NS-VC may be blocked, because of: O&M command equipment failure test procedure failure When a NS-VC becomes available again, the NS entity which initiated the blocking procedure (or the reset procedure) informs the remote entity, by means of an unblocking procedure
Gb interface NS functions Blocking/Unblocking procedures
NS entity NS-VC unavailable NS-BLOCK NS-BLOCK-ACK NS-VC available NS-UNBLOCK
NS entity (These PDUs are sent on any enabled NS-VC belonging to the same NSE)
NS-UNBLOCK-ACK
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Gb interface NS functions
NS RESET procedure The reset procedure is used when a new NS-VC is set-up, after processor restart, after failure recovery, or when its state is undetermined Upon completion of the reset procedure, the NS-VC is blocked and its operational state is enabled NS-VC TEST procedure This procedure is used to check that end-to-end communication exists between peer NS entities, on a given NS-VC This procedure is intialised upon successful completion of the reset procedure and shall be then periodically repeated When the procedure is successful, the operational state is enabled otherwise it is disabled and the NS-VC becomes blocked
Gb interface NS functions Reset and Test procedures
NS entity NS-RESET NS-RESET-ACK
NS entity (These PDUs are sent on the NS-VC being reset)
NS entity NS-ALIVE NS-ALIVE-ACK
NS entity (These PDUs are sent on the NS-VC being tested)
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Gb interface BSSGP functions

LLC PDU transfer (BSSGP UNITDATA PDUs are unacknowledged) GMM procedures Paging To intiate a packet-switched transmission between the SGSN and an MS, the SGSN sends a Paging PS PDU to the BSS When instructed by the MSC/VLR to initiate circuit-switched transmission between the MSC and an MS, the SGSN sends a Paging CS PDU to the BSS (network mode operation I) Radio status procedure This PDU notifies bad conditions on the radio interface, for a MS involved in a DL transfer
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Gb interface BSSGP functions GMM procedures procedures

BSS PAGING CS SGSN (This PDU is sent either on the BVC-SIG or on the BVC-PTP) SGSN PAGING PS (This PDU is sent on the BVC-SIG)
BSS
BSS RADIO STATUS
SGSN (This PDU is sent on the BVC-PTP)
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Network management procedures FLUSH-LL procedure The SGSN sends a FLUSH-LL to the BSS to ensure that LLCPDUs queued at a cell for a MS, are deleted or rerouted (e.g. on MS location update) LLC-DISCARD procedure The BSS sends a LLC-DISCARDED PDU to the SGSN, when a local LLC-PDU deletion has been performed (e.g. following a PDU life-time expiry) Flow control procedure Downlink flow control is handled both at BVC and MS level The BSS uses FLOW-CONTROL-BVC and FLOW-CONTROLMS PDUs to adjust the flow of BSSGP UNITDATA PDUs
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Gb interface BSSGP functions Network Management procedures

BSS FLUSH-LL FLUSH-LL-ACK BSS SGSN SGSN (This PDU is sent on the BVC-PTP)
LLC-DISCARDED
(This PDU is sent on the BVC-PTP)

SGSN
BSS
FLOW-CONTROL-BVC/MS
FLOW-CONTROL-BVC/MS-ACK
(This PDU is sent on the BVC-PTP)
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BVC Blocking/Unblocking procedures These procedures are intiated by the BSS (cannot be initiated by the SGSN) to remove from use, or bring into use a BVCPTP The BSS may block a BVC-PTP because of: O&M command equipment failure at the BSS cell equipment failure at the BSS
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Gb interface BSSGP functions Blocking/Unblocking procedures
BSS BVC-PTP unavailable BVC-BLOCK BVC-BLOCK-ACK BVC-PTP available BVC-UNBLOCK
SGSN (These PDUs are sent on the BVC-SIG)
BVC-UNBLOCK-ACK
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BVC Reset procedure This procedure is used to synchronise BVC states between the BSS and the SGSN This procedure may be initiated either by the SGSN or by the BSS, on the following events: BVC creation processor recovery underlying network recovery After performing a BVC-RESET procedure, the affected BVC is assumed to be in the unblocked state in the SGSN. So the BSS has to initiate a block procedure if the affected BVC-PTP is marked blocked in the BSS (no block procedure for the BVC-SIG)
Gb interface BSSGP functions Reset procedure
BSS BVC-RESET BVC-RESET-ACK
BSS BVC-RESET BVC-RESET-ACK
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Gb interface BSSGP functions Reset procedure

BSS SGSN
unblocked
RESET
unblocked
O&M blocking or failure
O&M unblocking or recovery
BVC-BLOCK
BVC-UNBLOCK or RESET
blocked
RESET (1)
blocked
(1):
In this case, a block procedure has to be initiated
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Data Transfer
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Data transfer Mobile terminating data transfer

MS BSS SGSN Stand-by PPCH or PCH (2) Packet Channel Request (3) Packet UL Assignment (4) LLC PDU (5) UL TBF UL-UNITDATA PAGING-PS (1)
Ready
Packet DL Assignment (7) .........
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DL-UNITDATA (6) DL TBF


(1): The SGSN receives a downlink PDP PDU, for an MS in stand-by state (location of the MS is known at routing area accuracy) A paging request is sent to the BSS (2): Packet Paging requests are sent in all the cells belonging to the routing area, either on the PPCH, if there is a master PDCH in the cell or otherwise on the PCH (3): To answer to the paging request the MS has to send a LLC-PDU and to send this LLC-PDU, the MS has to request the establishment of an UL TBF (either on PRACH, if there is a master PDCH or otherwise on the RACH)
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(4): An UL TBF is established (all the signalling messages exchanged during the TBF establishment phase are not shown on the MSC diagram) (5): The MS sends a LLC-PDU to answer to the paging of the SGSN (6) On the reception of the paging response, the SGSN knows the MS cell location, the BSS adds the cell identifier in the UL message (the MS is now in the ready state) and is now able to send data LLC-PDUs to the BSS (7) On the reception of the first LLC-PDU, the BSS establishes a DL TBF. This DL TBF is released, when there is no more LLC-PDUs to send
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Data transfer Mobile originating data transfer

MS Packet Channel request (1) Packet UL Assignment (2) RLC PDU (3) Packet UL ACK/NACK (4) .. (6) Packet UL ACK/NACK UL-UNITDATA UL TBF BSS SGSN
UL-UNITDATA (5)
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(1): When the MS has data to send, the MS requests an UL TBF establishment (either on PRACH, if there is a master PDCH or otherwise on the RACH) (2): An UL TBF is established (all the signalling messages exchanged during the TBF establishment phase are not shown on the MSC diagram) (3): Data are sent to the network through RLC PDUs (4) RLC PDUs are acknowledged by the network
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(5): RLC PDUs are re-assembled into LLC PDU and then sent to the SGSN (6) At reception of the last RLC PDU, an acknowledgement is returned and the UL TBF is released
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GPRS Tel

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GPRS General Telecom Presentation

GPRS General Telecom Presentation

GPRS General Telecom Presentation

Service overview Data transfer with GSM Circuit-Switched

Internet GSM network

Service overview Data transfer with GPRS

Packet data network Internet LAN

Market Wireless Network Computer (Laptop, PDA, Notepad)

Security supervision Utility meter reading, Remote control, POS

GPRS General Telecom Presentation

PDN e.g. X25 PDN e.g. IP

General Architecture GPRS Interfaces

GGSN other PLMN

Signalling and data interface Signalling interface

General Architecture GPRS Interfaces

General Architecture GPRS backbone architecture

General Architecture GPRS backbone architecture

BSS SGSN BSS IP-based GPRS backbone

General Architecture GPRS Transmission Plane

IP / X.25 SNDCP LLC

SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um RLC MAC BSSGP

GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1 Gn

GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1 Gi

BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb

Network Service GSM RF L1bis

SGSN Transmission Plane

General Architecture GPRS Transmission Plane

General Architecture GPRS Transmission Plane

General Architecture GPRS Signalling Plane

GMM/SM LLC RLC MAC BSSGP BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb

RLC MAC GSM RF Um

Network Service GSM RF L1bis

BSS Signalling Plane MS - SGSN

General Architecture GPRS Signalling Plane

GPRS General Telecom Presentation

GPRS NETWORK OPERATIONS

GPRS Network Operations GPRS Attach

GPRS Network Operations PDP Context Activation

GPRS Network Operations PDP Context Activation

GPRS Network Operations Mobility Management

GPRS Network Operations Mobility Management

GPRS Network Operations Mobility Management

GPRS Network Operations Interworking with GSM services

GPRS Network Operations Interworking with GSM services

GPRS Network Operations Interworking with GSM services

GPRS Network Operations Network Modes of Operation

GPRS Network Operations Network Modes of Operation

GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode I

CS paging PS paging BSS SGSN

GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode II

CS paging MS PCH PS paging BSS

GPRS Network Operations Network Operation Mode III

PCH MS PPCH BSS

CS paging PS paging SGSN

GPRS General Telecom Presentation

Radio Interface Time-slots and Frames

1 (52-frame) multiframe = 52 TDMA frames (240 ms)

Radio Interface Time-slots and Frames

Radio Interface Packet data logical channels

Radio Interface Channel Coding

Radio Interface Timing Advance

Radio Interface Initial timing Advance

Radio Interface Continuous timing Advance