CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

What is CVA?
Cerebrovascular Accident is a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain. Stroke, also called brain attack or ischemic stroke, happens when the arteries leading to the brain are blocked or ruptured.

STATISTICS
According to the World Health Organization, 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are permanently disabled. According to the latest WHO data published in April 2011 Stroke Deaths in Philippines reached 40,245 or 9.55% of total deaths. The age adjusted the Death Rate is 82.77 per 100,000 of population ranks Philippines #106 in the world. According to National Statistical Coordination Board posted in April 2012 Stroke Deaths in 40,201 or 18.7%.

Types of Stroke
1. Ischemic Stroke >Cerebral Thrombus >Cerebral Embolism 2. Hemorrhagic Stroke >Cerebral Hemorrhage >Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

WHAT CAUSES A STROKE?

The blockage of an artery in the brain by a clot (thrombosis) is the most common cause of a stroke. The part of the brain that is supplied by the clotted blood vessel is then deprived of blood and oxygen.

Potentially treatable risk factors

High blood pressure Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke High cholesterol Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines.

Other risk factors

Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or TIA. 55 years old and above Race African-Americans Gender Men

SYMPTOMS OF STROKE
Weakness Sudden loss of strength or sudden numbness in the face, arm or leg, even if temporary

Trouble Speaking Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding or sudden confusion, even if temporary.

Vision Problems Sudden trouble with vision, even if temporary.

Headache Sudden severe and unusual headache.

Dizziness Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of the above signs.

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF STROKE?

Thrombolytics Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) drugs help reestablish blood flow to the brain by dissolving the clots, which are blocking the flow. Example anistreplase (Eminase) streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase) urokinase (Abbokinase)

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

>There is opportunity to use alteplase (TPA) as a clot-buster drug to dissolve the blood clot that is causing the stroke. >TPA is injected into a vein in the arm but, the time frame for its use may be extended to six hours if it is dripped directly into the blood vessel that is blocked requiring angiography, which is performed by an interventional radiologist.

Heparin and aspirin

Drugs to thin the blood (anticoagulation; for example, heparin) are also sometimes used in treating stroke patients in the hopes of improving the patient's recovery.

ll.OBJECTIVES
General Objectives: At the end of this case study, the student is expected to acquire adequate knowledge , attitude and skills in providing holistic care for patients who has cerebrovascular disease with the cooperation of the family and the significant others and with the collaboration with other health care team.

 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES After an hour of teacher learner interaction ,the learner will be able to: -relate the patients history and stage of growth and development -define cerebrovascular accident or stroke -state the different types of stroke -review the anatomy and physiology of central nervous system

-explain the pathophysiology of CVA -enumerate signs and symptoms manifested with patients having CVA -formulate a comprehensive nursing care plan

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

MOTMOT