THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAST FOOD AND THE RISKS OF CARDIOVASCULER DISEASE

FERDY 030.08.102

Abstract
Background : To know the manifestation people who often consume fast food related with risks of cardiovascular disease. Methods : Instruments research is using fulfill questioner. This research was established by way of cross section. Location of this research took place in the fast food restaurants in Mall Karawang. The sample consisted of twenty people who ate in the fast foods restaurants in Mall Karawang. It is random and most of them are students age about 15-30 years old. I also use digital sphygmomanometer to measure their blood pressure.

Abstract
Writing Method : This research feature This research form was made with cross sectional methods. Study Site This research will take place at some fast food restaurants in Mall Karawang Data Content The result of this research was collected in two days with questioner Sample Consist of twenty people especially student who visited the fast food restaurant. They are sampled randomly.

Abstract
This research uses questioner Identity Name Age Gender Occupation : : : :

B. Questions 1.What is your height? cm 2.What is your weight? Kg 3.Do you have high blood pressure? A.Yes 4.Would you like me to check your blood pressure? A.Yes 5. His/her blood pressure is mmHg

B.No B.No

Abstract
6. What is your favorite food? (you can choose more than one answer) A. Pizza C. Hamburger E. French fries B. Fried chicken D. Hot dog F. Doughnuts 7. How many times do you eat them (no.6) in a week ? A. <3times B. >3times 8. Do you smoke? A.Yes B.No C.11-15 sticks D. > 15 sticks C.3times D.>3times day

9. How many bars do you smoke in a day? A.1-5 sticks B.6-10 sticks 10. How many times do you eat in a day? A. 1 time B. 2 times

Introduction
Easy availability of food, such as drive-in restaurants, milkshakes, fries, burgers, packaged food at malls and deep fried food is the causes of obesity. Busy parents, fast growing fast food industry and easy availability of resources are the reasons for children to indulge in such harmful fast food. Obesity is performed by genetic, environmental, and complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Fatness levels in obese children are indicative of increased risk for elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, and lipoprotein ratios children and adolescents. Obese children have the high risk factors of certain cardiovascular disease.

Literature Review
Fast Food and Associated Heart Disease Clogged Arteries Fast foods create a much higher risk of heart disease because of the high level of saturated or trans fats found in much of the food. Those fats can clog the arteries and, over time, contribute to high cholesterol levels. Trans Fats Trans fats are found in many fast foods, including french fries, fried chicken, fried fish sandwiches, biscuits, and fried apple and other pie desserts. The fats are also found in doughnuts, pizza dough, cookies, crackers, and stick margarines and shortenings. Trans fats actually cause a higher risk for heart disease than saturated fats found in butter, cheese and beef. Trans fats will raise total cholesterol levels and at the same time deplete good HDL cholesterol.

Literature Review
Abdominal Fat Trans fats triple the risk of heart disease in women, according to Harvard School of Public Health researchers published in the Journal of the American Heart Association in 2007. In a lab study, monkeys that ate a diet high in trans fats over a period of six years gained 7.2 % of their body weight compared with 1.8 % that ate a diet high in unsaturated fat. The trans-fat fed monkeys also ended up carrying 30 % more abdominal fat, a key risk factor for heart disease and diabetes. The study at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center In Winston-Salem, North Carolina, was reported to the American Diabetes Association in Washington, D.C., in 2006.

Research Result
N o Name (Age) BMI (kg/m2) Blood Pressure (mmHg) 118/92 129/82 109/71 128/83 Favorite Food (how many times in a week) French Fries (3x) French Fries (3x) French Fries (3x) Fried Chicken (once a month) Smoking

1 Cynthia (15) 2 Eveline (15) 3 Cicilia (15) 4 Fransiska (16)

19.7 19.5 19.1 22.3

No No No No

5 Ratna (18)
6 Susan (23) 7 Meita (24)

16.0
18.7 26.8

-/-(Refuse)
137/85 153/87

Fried Chicken (1x)

Fried Chicken ( 1x 2 pieces) Pizza(1x), Hamburger(1x), Fried Chicken(1x) Fried Chicken (1x)

No
No No

8 Ratna (27)

21.3

112/78

No

Research Result
No Name (Age) BMI (kg/m2) Blood Pressure (mmHg)
123/87 French Fries (2x)

Favorite Food (how many times in a week)

Fried_Chicken(3x),

Smoking

Andre (15)

20.6

No

10
11

Yokki (15)
Felix (17)

17.3
19.9

119/81
130/63

Fried Chicken (3x)

Pizza (1x 5 slices),

No
Yes

Fried Chicken (1x) Hamburger(1x), 12 Handi (18) 28.3 135/92 Donuts(1x 3donut) Pizza (1x 3 slices) 13 14 Ari (19) Nikko (21) 26.6 17.3 140/86 Fried Chicken (2x) 114/92 Fried Chicken (1x) No Yes No

Research Result
No Name (Age) BMI (kg/m2) Blood Pressure (mmHg)
142/87 French Fries (2x)

Favorite Food (how many times in a week)

Fried_Chicken(2x),

Smoking

15

Ferry (22)

29.4

Yes

16
17 18 19

Tommy (23)
Yian (27) Sandi (26) Fery (28)

25.3
27.7 22.2 22.0

133/84
143/87

Fried_Chicken(3x)
French_Fries(2x),

Yes
No

Doughnuts (3x) 136/86 127/68 (once a month) Fried_Chicken French_Fries (very often) No No

Fried_Chicken

20

Aay (46)

22.8

125/84
(once a month)

No

Body Mass Index Classification

WHO (1998) UNDERWEIGHT <18,5 NORMAL 18,5-24,9 OVERWEIGHT 25 PRA OBESE 25 29,9 OBESE CLASS I 30 -34,9 OBESE CLASS II 35-39,9 OBESE CLASS III 40 ASIA FASIFIC (2000) UNDERWEIGHT < 18,5 NORMAL 18,5-22,9 OVERWEIGHT > 23 PRA OBESE 23-24,9 OBESE CLASS I 25-29,9 OBESE CLASS II >30

Discussion
There are 3 people whose their BMI is underweight. 11 people have normal BMI and 6 people have obese class I. For them who have obesity class I, they also have high blood pressure (>120/80 mmHg). Half of them are smoking too. Fried chicken is the most favorite fast food among them. They who have obese usually eat more than one kind of fast food about once or more in a week (e.g. they also eat pizza, French fries, hamburger, or doughnuts).

Discussion
There is a definite link between fast food and obesity. Fast food consists of saturated fats, high cholesterol and everything that is not meant for a healthy body. Fast food obesity is a problem because fast food meal contains: - low quality carbohydrates; - high levels of saturated fat, - white bread, and a sugary soda and also has relatively low fiber content. This kind of eating pattern is entirely gives negative effect, which increased risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Discussion
A number of factors are associated with the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries, including cigarette smoking, lack of physical activity and a family history of the disease. Other risk factors include: - Type of fat eaten - Obesity - High blood pressure (hypertension)

Discussion
Teenagers and children have forgotten the ways of reducing the calories they intake and thereby obesity is inevitable. This leads to increased body sugar levels and possible blocked arteries. Fast food obesity along with the sedentary life style are becoming one of the top causes for type II diabetes and coronary artery disease.

Conclusion
Trans fats and abdominal fat in fast foods cause a higher risk for heart disease. The more we consume it without have healthy lifestyle such as doing sport, eating more healthy foods, etc, it leads us into obesity. Obesity is the risk factor of many diseases, like hypertension and diabetes type II. Uncontrolled diabetes can contribute to coronary heart disease.

Recommendation
You need to eat a healthy diet and have plenty of exercise. High salt diets increase blood pressure and risk of heart attack and stroke. Most of us consume more than ten times the amount of salt we need to meet our sodium requirements. However there is evidence that plant foods especially wholegrain cereals, legumes, nuts, fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk of heart disease. Don't forget physical activity. Exercise is vital to reduce the risk of heart disease. Walking at least 30 minutes each day at a vigorous pace (at least 3km per hour) reduces heart disease risk by 30 %.

REFERENCES
1. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. 2010. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://www.cardia.dopm.uab.edu/index.htm.

2. Health State. 2007. The correlation between fast food and obesity in America. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://www.healthstate.info/thecorrelation-between-fast-food-andobesity-in-america/.
3. Maclay, K. 2009. Linking fast food proximity to obesity. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/03/04_obesity.shtml. 4. Murray, B. 2001. Fast-food culture serves up super-size Americans. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec01/fastfood.aspx. 5. National Bureau of Economic Research. (n.d.). Do fast food restaurants contribute to obesity? Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://www.nber.org/aginghealth/2009no1/w14721.html. 6. Pew Research Center. 2006. Eating more; Enjoying less. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at: http://pewresearch.org/pubs/309/eating-more-enjoying-less. 7. Science Daily. 2005. 15-year study shows strong link between fast food, obesity and insulin resistance. Accessed on June 26th, 2011. Avaiable at:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050111152135.htm.