Artificial Insemination

Presented by: Geo Arellano Patricia Torres Shiela Torres

History
Began in a laboratory and was first tested on animals. Modern techniques used in human artificial

insemination were first used on cattle by dairy farmers wishing to improve milk production by impregnating cows with the sperm of bulls with preferable genetic traits. 1884: The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor. A Philadelphia professor of medicine took sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman. 1980s: Direct Intraperitoneal Insemination (DIPI) was occasionally used, where doctors inject sperm into the lower abdomen through a surgical hole or incision, with the intention of letting them find the oocyte at the ovary.

Definition of Terms:
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Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate introduction of semen into a female's vagina or oviduct for the purpose of fertilization by means other than ejaculation. It is the medical alternative to sexual intercourse, or natural insemination. Endometriosis a female health disorder that occurs when cells from the lining of the womb (uterus) grow in other areas of the body. This can lead to pain, irregular bleeding, and problems getting pregnant. Erectile Dysfunction is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability of a male to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual performance. Intracervical Insemination a type of artificial insemination wherein the sperm is deposited in the cervix.

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Definition of Terms:
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Intrauterine Insemination a type of artificial insemination wherein washed sperm is injected directly into a womans uterus. Intratubal Insemination an invasive procedure where the sperm is placed directly into both of the fallopian tubes. Intravaginal Insemination a type of artificial insemination wherein the sperm is placed directly into the vagina. Washed Sperm spermatozoa that have been removed from most other components of the seminal fluids.

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Why is Artificial Insemination used?

Artificial insemination is beneficial to couples or

individuals in many circumstances. Some scenarios where artificial insemination could be beneficial are listed below.
A woman may want to raise a child alone The female may be infertile due to cervical factor

infertility The woman may be suffering from Endometriosis The female could have semen allergy The male is unable to produce enough sperm for successful fertilization. The couple could be in same sex relationship The man is impotent (erectile dysfunction) The male could be infertile as a result of a

Types of Artificial Insemination in humans:

There are four types of insemination procedures, each involving the

placement of sperm into a different area of the female reproductive tract. Artificial insemination can be performed in:
the cervix (intracervical insemination); the uterus (intrauterine insemination or IUI); the vagina (intravaginal insemination); the fallopian tubes (intratubal insemination).

I. Intracervical Insemination (ICI)

A semen sample from a woman's partner or from

a sperm donor is placed directly into a woman's cervix. ICI is popular due to its non-invasive, painless nature, and its relatively inexpensive cost compared to the IUI procedure.

II. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Sperm from a woman's partner or a sperm donor

is "washed," or separated in a lab from the semen sample, and then placed directly into the uterus. While more expensive than ICI, the success rates of IUI are much higher since sperm are placed much closer to the fallopian tubes. It is said that the chances that a woman will become pregnant with IUI are almost double those of ICI.

III. Intravaginal Insemination

This type of insemination is also known as 'self-

insemination,' wherein couples try to become pregnant on their own. Through the use of a syringe, the semen sample is placed inside the vaginal canal near the cervix. The advantages of self-insemination are the obviously low costs and having the procedure carried out in privacy of one's own home.

IV. Intratubal Insemination

There are two types of this intervention, known as

intra-fallopian insemination (IFI) and Intraperitoneal inseminations (IPI). However, intratubal insemination is rare since it is significantly more invasive and its success rates no higher than that of its IUI counterpart.

Legal Aspect of Artificial Insemination:

In the Philippines, Artificial Insemination is still merely

talked about, even debated upon. If it is practiced here at all it is probably only by an insignificant few and not even openly. The Philippines is basically a Catholic nation and thus are of the belief that any interference with the natural modes of reproduction is sinful. Legal Problems:
The Marital Relationship Adultery Does a female who consents to Artificial Insemination commit adultery? Legal Status and Rights of the Child Legitimacy The child is legitimate according to the second paragraph of Article 164 of the Family Code.

Medical Aspect of Artificial Insemination:

Risks of artificial insemination vary, depending on the

type of procedure and the technique used. Generally, risks to the mother are small and improved screening and sterilization techniques have vastly reduced the risk of HIV and other diseases being transmitted to the baby through donor sperm. Some of the potential risks and effects of artificial insemination are:
Minor cramping and lower abdominal pain for a short period of

time following the artificial insemination procedure. Vaginal discharge following the procedure. Continued vaginal bleeding or spotting. Infection in the uterus and/or fallopian tubes

 Disease transmitted from improperly screened

semen. Multiple pregnancies Ovarian hyperstimulation Perforated uterus Adverse side effects to the medications used to stimulate egg production Bleeding into the ovary following puncture to retrieve the eggs Miscarriage of the implanted embryo Multiple birth Infection from the sperm Puncture of the uterus during egg retrieval

Stand of the Church

A child should be the fruit of conjugal love expressed

in sexual intercourse. According to God's plan, three elements are required here:
there must be love between a man and a woman; the couple must be married; and their love must be expressed through sexual intercourse.

Since artificial insemination does not follow the laws

of nature established by the Creator, the Church opposes it, especially when the donor is not the husband.

 The church considers artificial insemination morally

unacceptable for the following fundamental reasons:

1.

From the time the ovum is fertilized, a separate human life has begun that has its own identity and dignity. Commercial, scientific and other procedures often performed on lives begun in vitro violate the respect and physical and spiritual reverence owed to these lives. this process of initiating new human life is a subversion of the dignity and unity of marriage and of the integrity of natural and necessary parental relationships with children as they come into the world.

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Church teaches that among humans artificial insemination constitutes such a violation of the dignity of the person and the sanctity of marriage as to be contrary to the natural and divine law. Catholic teaching on artificial insemination (among humans) was summed up by Pope Pius XII in an address to Catholic physicians (September 29, 1949). The various dimensions of the immorality involved include:

in donor insemination (insemination with the active element of a donor); the third-party invasion of the exclusive marriage covenant in a kind of mechanical adultery; the irresponsibility of the donor fathering a child for which he can fulfill no paternal responsibility; and
the deordination of his masturbation in order to thus donate his paternal seed.

 Thus, the Catholic Church opposes artificial

insemination precisely because these procedures interfere with the natural course of conception. Artificial insemination interrupts the natural course of things, and separate the conception from marriage, and even from sex.
It needs to be clearly stated that when artificial

fertilization does happen, the resulting life is no less human and no less to be accepted with love.

THE END