MOTIVATION

MOTIVE:-

An inner state that energies, activates and

direct the behavior of individuals towards certain goals.

TYPES OF MOTIVES:PRIMARY MOTIVES:

Unlearned, biological, physiological
Hunger, sleep, avoidance of pain, material concern Fasting before prayer

GENERAL MOTIVES:
Unlearned but not physiological Primary motives tend to reduce the stimulation, in contrast general motives encourage a person to person to increase stimulation Curiosity, manipulation, activity & affection

Secondary motives:closely related to learning concepts Classifications Power motive (Alfred Adler)
Inferiority ---> Superiority (need to manipulate others)

Achievement motive (Alfred Adler)

Standard of excellence To be successful in competitive situations

Characteristics of high achiver

Moderate risk taking Need for immediate feedback Satisfaction with accomplishments Preoccupation with the task (complete concentration)

 Affiliation motive
Social need (to satisfy their need of belongingness)

Security motive
Having a secure job Protection against loss of income Protection against illness and disability Protection against hazardious condition Avoiding task with risk of failure and blame

Status motive
Having right car, job, company etc.,

Motivating :One person induces another, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy the motive becomes available & accessible to the individual Motivation :Motivation is the complex forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization

Motivation is something that moves the person to action, and continueus him in the course of action already initiated.

Nature of motivation:Based on motives Affected by motivating Goal-directed behavior Related to satisfaction Person motivated in totality Complex process

Features of motivation: Motivation is individuals internal feeling Motivation is concerned with the total person Motivation = Anticipated values X perceived probability(expectancy) Motivation is the willingness to exert

Motivation involves arousal, direction and maintenance

of behaviour towards a goal

Basic Motivation Process : Goal equilibrium

Feed back, possible modification of unsatisfied need

Action, Movement or behaviour

Tention/Diseuilibrium

Unsatisfied need

Motivation factors for managers & workers: Job design

Job simplification Job rotation Job enlargement Job enrichment

Motivation factors for managers & workers:-

Employee involvement Start small & local issues Neither promise nor expect too much Allow to define themselves Involve parties whose power might be at stake Provide training to skill of participation & issue to be discussed Maintain leadership Mark sure minority rules are heart Keep it time bound and manageable Provide rewards and feedback Expect participative teams to wax, wane, they supplement rather than replace,(the hierarchy of the routine structure)

Motivation factors for managers & workers:Compensation

Wage and salary

Incentives Fringe benefits (PF, Medical insurance)

Perquisites (co. care, free accommodation, paid holid

Influence on compensation: Labour market Bargaining power Cost of living Condition of product market (perfect vs imperfect)

Comparative wages
Ability to pay Productivity of labour

Job requirements (skills)

Government policy Good will of the company

Motivation factors for managers & workers:Goal setting what an individual is trying to accomplish, it is the object or aim of an action Goal acceptance Specific

Challenge
Performance monitoring and feedback

Motivation factors for managers & workers:Alternative work arrangement Flexible work hours Staggered work hours Compressed work week Tele-communication Job-sharing Part-time work

Maslows Hierarchy Theory

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory

Maintenance Factors
Job Context Extrinsic Factors Company policy & Admin Quality of Supervision Relation with supervisor Work conditions

Motivational Factors
Job Content Intrinsic factors Achievement Recognition Work it self Responsibility

Pay
Peer relations Personal life Relation with subordinates Status Job Security

Advancement
Possibility of growth

McClellands Theory of Needs

Porter Lawler Model of Motivation