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Alternative Fuel the term alternative fuel usually refers to a source of which energy is renewable the main purpose

se of fuel is to the store energy , almost all fuels are chemical that store chemical potential Energy. usually in the form of heat for variety of applications,such as powering an engine or heating a bulding.

Biodiesel Ethanol Butanol,chemically stored electricity ( batteries and fuel cells )

Hydrogen Methane Natural gas Wood Wood gas Vegetable oil Biomas and Peanut oil

Gasolyn type biofuels Butanol,as direct re placement for gasoline. Hydrogen internal combustion car. E85 15% gasoline 85% ethanol blend.

Gasoline type biofuel Hempseed oil fuel or other straight vege table. Biodisel.

In the year 2000,there were about eight million vehicles around the world that ran on alternative fuels,indicating the increasing popularity of alternative fuels. There is growing social interest,and an economic and political need for the development of alternative fuel source A primary concern is that the fact that the use of conventional fuels directly contributes to the Global Warning Crisis.

Natural gascompressed or liquified. Autogas ( LPG,LPgas,Propane ). Synfuel synthetic fuels. Plug in hybrid electric vehicle.

Steam engine cars Coal oven steam cars. Organic waste fuel. Wood gas on board gasification.

Electric vehicle. Solar cell-powered or charged electric cars. Hydrogen fuel cell liquefied or compressed hydro MAGLEV,with induction drive ( a variety of electric mass transit ). Air car,working on compressed air.

Nuclear powered. Rubber band ( stored energy ). Spring power or wind-up car ( stored elastic energy ). Wind-powered sail cars.

Non conventional oil is another source of oil separate from conventional or traditional oil sources include : Tar sands Oil shale and Bitumen

FT process convert carbon dioksida (CO2 ) carbon monoxide (CO),access to crude oil supplies. It used today in South Africa to produce most of that country,s diesel from Coal.

Fast breeder reactor are another possibility,as opposed to current LWR (light water reactor ) which burn the rare Isotope of uranium U-235 ( producing and burning about an amounts of plutonium in the process ).Produce much larger amounts of plutonium from common U-238 than fission that to produce electricity and thermal heat.

It is relatively easy to start nuclear fusion reactions,which generate large amounts of energy (cf.thermonuclear weapons).However,to achieve controlled and sustained fusion requires a large amount to obtain the required high temp electromagnetic confinement.The technology has not yet been developed to maintain a significant energy gain.

Hydrogen for use as fuel must first be produced using another energy source.One existing method of hydrogen production is steam methane reformation:however,the most common source of methane is natural gas,which is short supply.Another method of hydrogen production is through electrolysis of water which uses electricity generated from any source,or combination of : fossil fuel,nuclear,and/or renewable energy sources.Biomas or coal gasification,photoelectrolisis,and genetically modified organisms have also been proposed as means to produce hydrogen.

Liquid Nitrogen.
A liquid nitrogen economy would extract energy from the temperature difference between air and liquid nitrogen.The stirling or engine or cryogenic heat engine offers a way to power such vehicles. A means to generate liquid nitrogen,which is only an energy storage medium,is needed.

Nuclear engineers estimate that the world could derive 400,000 quads ( quadrillon,1015 British thermal units ),or about 420,000 EJ ( Exajoules = 1018joules ) of energy ( 1000 years at current levels of consumption, assuming new technology ) from uranium isotpe 235,if reprocessing is not employed.As uranium ore supplies are limited,a majority of this uranium would have to some how be cost- effectively extracted from sea water.But, this technology does not exist.How ever,at the current technology and consumption,the reserves will last 50 years.

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