Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Network
Sandeep Nagar
I-Mtech
Computer Science
(08559)
Road Map
• Introduction Cellular & Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Application Of Ad Hoc
Wireless Network
• Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless Network
Medium Access Scheme
Routing
Multicasting
Security
Introduction
• The 1stinnovative communication system was
devised in 500 BC by the king of Persia for
sending the messages(from his capital to remote
provinces of his empire). This system was 25
times faster then the available at that time.
Wireless
Mesh
Network
Cellular Wireless Ad-Hoc Wireless
Network
Network
Wireless
Sensor
Network
Hybrid wireless
network
• Introduction Cellular & Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Application Of Ad Hoc
Wireless Network
Hybrid Wireless Network
Wireless Mesh Network
Wireless Sensor Network
Application Of Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Hybrid Wireless Network
• It is the combination of
CELLULAR
network & Ad-Hoc network .
• It support Multi-Hop Cellular
Network.
• Primary concept behind cellular
network is geographical
channel
reuse.
MAIN ADVANTAGES
o Higher Capacity
Application Of Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Wireless Mesh Network
• Mesh networking is a way
to route
data, voice and instructions
between nodes
• Mesh networks are self-
healing:
the network can still
operate even
when a node breaks down
or a
Application Of Ad Hoc
Wireless Network
Wireless Sensor Network • A wireless sensor
network
(WSN) is a wireless
network
consisting of spatially
distributed
autonomous
devices using
sensors to
cooperatively
monitor
physical or
environmental
conditions, such as
temperature, sound,
vibration, pressure,
motion
or pollutants, at
• Introduction Cellular & Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Application Of Ad Hoc
Wireless Network
• Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless Network
Medium Access Scheme
Routing
Multicasting
Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Medium Access Scheme
• The primary responsibility of MAC(Medium Access
Control) Protocol in ad-hoc network is distributed
arbitration for the shared channel for transmission
of packet.
• Major issues in MAC Protocol are:
– Distributed Operating System :-> Ad-Hoc wireless n/w needs
to operate in environment where no centralized co-ordination is
possible.
– Synchronization :-> MAC protocol design should take into
account the requirement of time synchronization. It is mandatory
for TDMA based system for management of transmission &
reception slots.
– Capability for Power Control :-> The transmission power
control reduce the energy consumption at the node, causes a
Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Routing
The responsibility of routing protocol are
§ Exchange the route information, finding the feasible
path from source to destination(such as Hop-length)
§ Minimum power required & it save wireless link life
time(till the network is there).
The major challenges that a routing
protocol faces are
§ Quick route reconfiguration:- The unpredictable changes in
the topology of the network require that the routing protocol
be able to quickly perform route reconfiguration.
§ Loop-Free Routing :- This is the fundamental requirement of
any routing protocol to avoid unnecessary wastage of nodes.
Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Multicasting
• It plays an important role in typical network
application of ad-hoc network.
• For example: Emergency search & rescue
operation, Military communication & etc… In such
environment certain tasks that require are:
o Point to multipoint(voice & data communication)
o Multipoint to multipoint(voice & data communication)
• The arbitrary movement of nodes changes the
topology dynamically in unpredictable manner.
So for such type of network MESH-SHAPED
structure is very beneficial because it work in
high mobility environment.
• Introduction Cellular & Ad Hoc Wireless
Network
Application Of Ad Hoc
Wireless Network
• Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless Network
Medium Access Scheme
Routing
Multicasting
Security
Contention-Based Protocols
• In this protocol, node does not make any resource
reservation priori. But whenever it receives a packet
to be transmitted it compete with its neighbor nodes
for access to the share channel.
• This protocol cannot provide QoS(Quality of
Service)In this Protocol we discuss MACAW(Medium
Access Protocol for Wireless LAN) mechanism.
• MACAW in this we use Back-off mechanism.
Contention-Based Protocols
cont….
BACK-OFF MECHANISM
Back-Off mechanism is a method for reducing
the collision. Start
Set
Back-off
to zero
Wait
Send
back-off
the
time
frame
No yes
Send
Incremen
jam
t back-off
signal no
ye
Succes
abort s
s
Contention-Based Protocols
cont….
• Back-off continue…
The Station wait time= 2N x
maximum_propagation_time
N is the no. of attempted transmissions.
maximum_propagation_timeis the time
needed for a bit r reach the end of
network.
Contention-Based Protocols
cont….
• In MACAW use control packets
RTS CTS DS DATA ACK
RTS-Request to send
RT
CTS-Clear to send S
DS-Data sending(30 bytes) CT
ACK-Acknowledgement SD
S
D
ATA
AC
K
Send Receiv
er er
Contention-Based Protocols
with Reservation Mechanism
• Ad-Hoc wireless n/w sometime need to support real-
time traffic, which require QoS(Quality Of Service)
guarantees to be provided.
R
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