Assessment and Management of Clients With

Presented by: Mr. Jose L. Fernandez, RN, MAN

EXTERNAL EYE And RELATED STRUCTURES

Assessment Visual Acuity Ultrasonography

External Eye Examination

Direct and Indirect Opthalmoscopy Slit-Lamp Examination

Color Fundus Photography

Fluorescein Angiography Tonometry

Gonioscopy
Perimetry Testing

Assessment (cont) Color Vision Testing

Amsler Grid

Glaucoma Open-angle

Angle-closure
Medical management relies on systemic and topic ocular medications that lower IOP Surgical management is laser trabeculoplasty, laser iridotomy, filtering procedures, drainage implants or shunts

Impaired Vision
Refractive Errors

emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism

Low Vision and Blindness magnification and image enhancement

multiple-unit artificial retinal chipset (MARC)

Cataracts Lens opacity or cloudiness Medical management may include antioxidants, glasses, contact lenses, bifocals or magnifying lenses to slow progression

Surgical management is intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular surgery, phacoemulsification , and lens replacement

Corneal Disorders

Corneal Dystrophies Keratoconus Corneal Surgeries Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Keratoplasty

Corneal Disorders

Refractive Surgeries Radial keratotomy (RK), Laser vision correction photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Retinal Disorders Retinal Detachment Retinal Vascular Disorders Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Macular Degeneration

Retinal detachment, tearing and fluid leak

MACULAR DEGENERATION

Orbital and Ocular Trauma

Orbital Trauma
Soft tissue injury and hemorrhage Fractures

Foreign bodies
Ocular Trauma

Penetrating injuries and contusions

Intraocular foreign bodies

Ocular burns

Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions

Dry Eye Syndrome Conjunctivitis Uveitis Orbital Cellulitis

Orbital and Ocular Tumors Benign Tumors of the Orbit, Eyelids, and Conjunctiva Malignant Tumors of the Orbit, Eyelids, and Conjunctiva Malignant Tumors of the Globe: Ocular Melanoma

Surgical Procedures and Enucleation Orbital Surgeries Enucleation

Ocular Protheses

Ocular Consequences of Systemic Disease

Diabetic Retinopathy Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

Hypertension-Related Eye Changes

Commonly Used Ocular Medications

Topical Anesthetics Corticosteroids and Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs Antiallergy Medications Ocular Irrigants Ocular Lubricants

Mydriatics and Cycloplegics

Medications to Treat Glaucoma Anti-Infectives