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Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning

Civil Engineering Department


Petra Christian University
BEND-DoubleReinf

WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?


DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
TABLES
FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

PROBLEMS
EXERCISES
BEND-DoubleReinf

WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?


1. If a beam section with single reinforcement has a
reinforcement ratio, , more than its maximum value, maks,
for a certain bending loading, Mu.
2. To accomplish the seismic design provision.
(SKSNI T15-1991-03 sec. 3.14.3.2(1)).
3. Practically reasons.

BEND-DoubleReinf

DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
If single reinforcement has > maks
0.85 fc

cu = 0.003

As

d
Mu

d-a

As
b

CONDITION 1 :

T1
s

fs = fy

Cs

Cc

Mn1

d-d

T2

Mn2

T1 = As1 . fs1
= As max . fy
Mn1 = T1 . (d - a)
= As max . fy (d - a)

BEND-DoubleReinf

Mu > Mn1

CONDITION 2 :

Cs

For compatibility condition :


d-d

Mu

= (Mn1 + Mn2) (1)

Mn2 =

Mu
- Mn1 = Cs (d - d) (2)

Check whether compression steel has yielded ?

BEND-DoubleReinf

s y

Mn2

cu = 0.003
c

s
c - d
=
0.003
c
s = ..
Check, is :

T2

s
5

IF YES :

Cs = As . fy
Cs
As =
fy

Compression steel is yield (s >y)


Cs = A s f s

IF NO : Compression steel is not yield (s y)


fs = s . Es
Cs = As . fs
Cs
As =
fs

d-d

T2 = As2 fy

Mn2

The value of As needed for the section is :


Where :

As = As1 + As2
As1 = As maks
As2 = T2 : fy

BEND-DoubleReinf

See Condition 2
Cs = As fs
d-d

Mn2
2

T2 = As2 fy

Cs = T2
* If compression steel is yield :
As . fy = As2 . fy
As . fy
As2 =
fy

then :

As2 = As
* If compression steel is not yield :
As . fs = As2 . fy
As2

BEND-DoubleReinf

then :

fs
= As . f
y
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DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT


cu = 0.003

As
d

Mu

As

Cs

Cc

d-a

T1
s

0.85 fc

Mn1

d-d

T2

Mn2

fs = fy
1

See Table 5.3.a - 5.3.j (CUR IV) for designing the double
reinforcement in rectangular section with = 0.5 ;
See Table 2.4 for double reinforcement with several ratio
of / from Copy Sheet

BEND-DoubleReinf

TABLE 5.3.a - CUR IV

CONCRETE STRENGTH fc 15 with compression reinforcement


= 0,8
= Ratio of tension reinf ; = ratio of compression reinf. = 0.5
Mu/bd2
fy = 240 MPa with d/d =
fy = 400 MPa with d/d =
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.10
0.15
0.20
200
0.0011
0.0011
0.0012
0.0007
0.0007
0.0007
400
0.0022
0.0023
0.0023
0.0013
0.0014
0.0014
600
0.0033
0.0034
0.0035
0.0020
0.0020
0.0021
800
0.0044
0.0046
0.0047
0.0027
0.0027
0.0028
1000
0.0056
0.0057
0.0059
0.0033
0.0034
0.0035
1200
0.0067
0.0069
0.0071
0.0040
0.0041
0.0042
1400
0.0078
0.0080
0.0083
0.0047
0.0048
0.0050
1600
0.0090
0.0092
0.0095
0.0054
0.0055
0.0057
1800
0.0101
0.0104
0.0117
0.0061
0.0062
0.0072
2000
0.0113
0.0116
0.0119
0.0068
0.0070
0.0064
2200
0.0124
0.0128
0.0132
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
2400
0.0136
0.0140
0.0144
0.0082
0.0084
0.0087
2600
0.0148
0.0152
0.0157
0.0089
0.0091
0.0094
2800
0.0160
0.0165
0.0170
0.0096
0.0099
0.0102
3000
0.0172
0.0177
0.0182
0.0103
0.0106
0.0109
3200
0.0184
0.0189
0.0195
0.0110
0.0114
0.0117
3400
0.0196
0.0202
0.0208
0.0118
0.0121
0.0125
3600
0.0208
0.0214
0.0221
0.0125
0.0129
0.0133
3800
0.0220
0.0227
0.0234
0.0132
0.0136
0.0141
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BEND-DoubleReinf
4000
0.0233
0.0240
0.0247
0.0140
0.0144
0.0148

TABLE 2.4 - COPY SHEET


RECTANGULAR BEAM WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
RATIO OF REINFORCEMENT : (%)
Rn = Mn / (b.d2)
Units : Mn (kNm), b and d (m)

Steel yield stress, fy


Concrete strength, fc
d/d
min

=
=
=
=

240 MPa
20 MPa
0.15
0.58%

Rn
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
...

0.1
0.85
1.02
1.15
1.27
1.38
1.48
1.82
2.80

0.2
0.79
0.98
1.12
1.24
1.35
1.46
1.56
1.66
1.89
2.38
2.87
3.36
3.85

BEND-DoubleReinf

0.3
0.74
0.93
1.08
1.21
1.32
1.43
1.54
1.64
1.74
1.84
1.94
2.24
2.57
2.89
3.22

0.4
0.68
0.89
1.04
1.17
1.29
1.40
1.51
1.62
1.72
1.82
1.92
2.02
2.11
2.21
2.42

0.5
0.62
0.84
1.00
.13
1.25
1.37
1.48
1.59
1.69
1.79
1.89
1.99
2.09
2.19
2.29

0.6
0.57
0.79
0.95
1.09
1.21
1.33
1.44
1.55
1.66
1.76
1.86
1.96
2.06
2.16
2.26

0.7
0.52
0.74
0.91
1.05
1.17
1.29
1.40
1.51
1.62
1.72
1.83
1.93
2.03
2.13
2.22

0.8
0.48
0.69
0.86
1.00
1.13
1.25
1.36
1.47
1.58
1.68
1.79
1.89
1.99
2.09
2.19

0.9
0.44
0.65
0.82
0.96
1.09
1.21
1.32
1.43
1.54
1.64
1.74
1.85
1.95
2.04
2.14

1.0
0.40
0.61
0.77
0.91
1.04
1.16
1.28
1.39
1.49
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
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FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN


USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

START

Define : b, d, d (trial & errors)


Calculate loads and Mu

As = . b . d
As = (/) . As
Finish

Calculate : Mn = Mu /
Mn
Rn =
bd2
Select appropriate /

See Table to find


BEND-DoubleReinf

Not found

found
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SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS


Time frame : 15 Minutes

The solutions are on the last


pages of this presentation

1.

cu = 0.003

As
As
b

c
h d

c = 120 mm
d = 720 mm
d = 80 mm
fc = 25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
b = 400 mm
h = 800 mm

a. Check the compression steel whether it is yield or not.


b. Check the section, is it in UNDER-REINFORCED condition ?
BEND-DoubleReinf

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2.

If b, fc, fy, and Mu are known, calculate the


reinforcement area, As, needed for this
rectangular beam with single reinforcement
as drawn so that the depth of beam, h, is
minimum.

Mu

As
b

Use design table to count the ultimate


moment that can be carried by this section.

3.
As
h

Mu

As
b

BEND-DoubleReinf

fc
d/d
h
As
As

= 20 MPa
= 0.2
= 500 mm
= 4 D22
= 2 D22

fy = 400 MPa
b = 200 mm

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EXERCISES
1.
M
u

300
150

150

200

2.

Mu

400
400

3.
Mu = 125 kNm

500

fc = 20 MPa ; fy = 240 MPa


Tension steel = 4 16
How much Mu that could be carried by
this triangular section ?
fc = 25 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa
Compression steel = 2 D16
Tension steel = 4 D16
How much Mu that could be carried by
this section ?

fc = 20 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa


/ = 0.5
How much are As and As needed ?

300
BEND-DoubleReinf

End of presentation

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SOLUTION
1. a. Is compression steel yield yet ?
cu = 0.003
d

As

40
h

120
600

As
s
b

s
0.003
s

40
=
120
= 0.001
f
400
= 0.002
y = y =
Es
200.000

BEND-DoubleReinf

s < y Compression steel is not yield

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b. Is section in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition ?


s
0.003
=
600
120
s = 0.015 > y ( = 0.002)

Tension steel is yield.


The section is in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition.

2. h = minimum, if As = maximum.
max = 0.75 bal
= .
As max = max . b . d
Mu
fy
=

.
0.8
.
f
(1
0.588

)
y
bd2
fc
BEND-DoubleReinf

..... See CUR 1 p. 54

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3. /
fc
fy
d/d
As

=
=
=
=
=

0.5
20 MPa
400 MPa
0.20
mm2
= As = ..
bd

From Table 2.4 (Copy Sheet) or Table 5.3b (CUR 4) is found :


Mn
bd2 = .
Mn = .
Mu = Mn = . kNm

BEND-DoubleReinf

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