ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

BASIC MEANING AND DEFINATION

Artificial Intelligence can be defined as the study of methods by which a computer can simulate aspects of human intelligence. One aim of this study is to design a computer that might be able to reason for itself

MAKING OF INTELLIGENT MACHINE

There are several people involved in the making of intelligent machines the main are Computer Scientist Psychologist

COMPUTER SCIENTIST

It will make the machine as a good machine but its research will be based on true statistical methods

PSYCHOLOGIST

A psychologist will try to add emotions in the machine to make it more human like.

UNION OF COMPUTER SCIENTIST AND A PSYCHOLOGIST

Their union results into a high performance and intelligent machine which can perform a wide range of tasks.

HISTORY
The history of artificial intelligence is not so long ago. It can be divided into following era 1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s 1990s-uptill now

1950s

It is an active period Turing test was introduced First program of AI has been written LISP programming language introduced

was

1960s-1970s

First successful mathematical program. Alain developed the programming language named as PROLOG. Hans Moravee developed first computer controlled vehicle.

1980s

Neural network technology was introduced. First robot car traveled up to the speed of 55 mph in heavy traffic.

1990s UP TO MILLENNIUM

A robot car traveled more than 1000 miles with 110 mph in traffic Honda built first humanoid robot

TURING TEST

Introduced in 1950 A standard for measuring intelligence of a machine Human interrogator communicates with test subject by typewriter. Can the human interrogator distinguish whether the test subject is human or machine?

REASONING

Reasoning is the ability of the machine to make decisions, draw conclusions and in short, perform elementary reasoning activities

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Collection of states Collection of productions: rules or moves Control system: decides which production to apply next

COLLECTION OF STATES
Each state is a situation that might occur in the application environment. The beginning state is called the START STATE The state or states that is desired is called GOAL STATE

AN UNSOLVED EIGHT-PUZZLE

COLLECTION OF PRODUCTION

A production is an operation that can be performed in the application environment to move from one state to another.

CONTROL SYSTEM

A control system is the logic that solves the problem of moving from start state to the goal state.

NEURAL NETWORK

Human neural network Machine neural network

HUMAN NEURAL NETWORK

Basic unit of human neural network are neurons. Neuron consists of dendrites as input terminal and axons as output terminal. Neurons can be checked for their state from the axons.

A BRIEF VIEW OF HUMAN NEURON

MACHINE NEURAL SYSTEM

Multiple processors are connected together for co-ordination. Several input can be taken in processor as an input in neuron Result of processor can be judge

APPLICATIONS
Some of the applications of artificial intelligence are as follow:Language processing robotics

LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Translate language into another language just recognizes the syntax and extract the translation.

ROBOTICS

One of the most interesting and useful application of artificial intelligence. It can perform tasks in a controlled environment.

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