Stages Of Child Development And Related Development Theories (Physical Development)

Prenatal
Begins with fertilization until birth Usually takes 38 to 40 weeks Can be divided into 3 periods: The germinal period The embryonic period The fetal period

Prenatal (Cont.)
The germinal period Takes place during the first two weeks

Prenatal (Cont.)

The embryonic period Begins from 2nd (blastocyst attach to uterine wall) to 8th weeks Called as embryo Rate of cell differentiation is very rapid Formation of organs (Organogenesis)

Prenatal (Cont.)

The fetal period Begins from 2nd month to birth The growth and development of the fetus increase dramatically Distinguish the face, forehead, nose, chin and other parts of body Fetus become very active at the begining

Prenatal (Cont.)
The prenatal development also can be divided into 3 equals period which called as trimester: First trimester (first 3 months)

Prenatal (Cont.)
Second trimester (middle 3 months)

Prenatal (Cont.)
Third trimester (last 3 months)

Infant
Begins after birth until 2 years old Generally follow 2 patterns: - Cephalocaudal pattern: the sequence in which the fastest growth always occurs at the top (head). The physical growth gradually works from top to bottom. - Proximodistal pattern: the growth sequence that start at the center of the body and move towards the extremities.

Infant (Cont.)

Infant (Cont.)
Months Gross Motor Development Weight: 7 to 8 pounds Length: 19 to 21 inches Vital sign: T - 37.5 C P - 120 - 240 bpm R - 30 - 60 /min BP - 80/40 mmHg 4 Grasp 3 Holds heads and chest up when prone 0-1 Largely reflex Fine Motor Development The eyes fixated on the person Keeps hands fisted Able to follow object to midline 2 Holds heads up when prone Development of social smile Response to familar voices The baby knows how to cry Laughs aloud Babbles Follow object past midline Can raise head and chest Play Solitary Play

Stepping
Tonic neck Reflexes are fading 5 Turn front to back Has head lag when pull upright Bears partial weight on feet when pull upright 6 Turn both way

Teething
Reach out to object Roll over Hold block at each hand

Double birth weight Eruption of 1st tooth Sits with minimal support

Infant (Cont.)
7
Reaches out in anticipation of being picked up Sits unsteadily 8 Sits securely without support

Crepes or crawls

10 11 12

Pull self to stand From crawling to stand Stand alone Some infant takes the 1st step

"dada", "mama" sleep on prone position Uses finger to hold object Transfer object from hand to hand Sits alone steadily for an indefinite period Recognize strangers Peek-a-boo (to test memory) Can hold own bottle Start to crawl Understand simple gesture From crawling to stand Response when call by his name walks with assistance Triple birth weight Can say 2 syllable words Can walk with help
Put small pellet into small bottle scribble voluntary Holds a spoon No longer rotate the spoon to bring it to mouth Can open doors by turning doorknob Unsrew lids Parallel Play

An infant gains about 5 to 6 lbs Prominent abdomen -belly

15

Walks alone well Can seat self in chair Can run and jump in place Can walk up and down stairs with assistance Walks up stairs alone

18

24