Electrical Machines

What is machine?
Which is reduce the human efforts

Electrical Machines

Static Machines

Rotating Machines

Transformer

DC Machine

Induction Machine

Synchronous Machine

DC MACHINE

INTRODUCTION
Direct current machine
Which works on DC only Based on Electromechanical energy conversion

priniciple Mech.i/p to Elect.o/p-DC Generator Elect.i/p to Mech.o/p-DC Motor The major advantages of dc machines are the easy speed and torque regulation

CONSTRUCTION

DC Machine Construction

Constructional Features

Magnetic Frame or Yoke

Outer cylindrical frame to which main poles and

interpoles are fixed It provides a low mechanical protection to the inner parts of the machine It provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux Yoke is made of cast iron for smaller machine and for larger machine it is made of cast steel These material have better magnetic properties

Pole core and Pole Shoes

These are fixed to the magnetic frame or yoke by bolts
They support the field or exciting coil They spread out the magnetic flux over the armature

periphery more uniformaly These are made of thin cast steel or wrought iron lamination

Stator
The stationary part of the DC machine The stator of the dc motor has poles,

which are excited by dc current to produce magnetic fields Where the field or Exciting coil are wounded Anamelled copper wire is used for the construction of field coil Coil are wound on the former and then Placed around the pole core The field coil of all the poles are connected in series

 In the middle between the poles, commutating poles are placed

to reduce sparking of the commutator

Rotor OR Armature Core

Armature is a rotating part of the DC machine The rotor cuts across the magnetic field which induces an emf in it It is cylindrical in shape and keyed to the rotating shaft It houses the conductors in the slots It provides an easy path for magnetic flux To reduce the hysteresis losses silicon steel material is used for its construction To reduce the Eddy current losses armature core is laminated or 0.3 to 0.5 mm thick stamping are used for its construction

 Coils with several turns are placed in the slots The ends of each coil are connected to a commutator segment

Armature Winding
Armature winding is the heart of the DC machine

Conductors placed in the armature slots

It is a palce where conversion

of power takes place. Types of winding (i)Lap winding (ii)Wave winding

Commutator

 It connects the rotating armature conductors to the stationary external circuit through brushes It converts the alternating current or torque induced in the armature conductors into unidirectional current or torque The commutator is of cylindrical shape and is made up of wedgeshaped hard drawn copper segment The segment are held together by two V-shape rings Each armature coil is connected to the commutator segment through riser

 Brushes are placed upon the commutator and from the connecting link B/W the armature winding and the external circuit It is made of high grade carbon Its function is to collect current from the commutator and supply it to the external load circuit

Brushes

End Housing
End housing are attached to the ends of the main frame and support bearings

Bearing
The ball or roller bearing are fitted in the end housing Its function is to reduce friction b/w the rotating nad stationary part of the machine

Shaft
The shaft is used to transfer meachanical power from or to the machine The shaft is made of mild steel with a maximum breaking strength

Working Principle