Road Map

Introduction Basic PLC components Introduction to STEP 7 LITE Programming PLC and Ladder logic Exercises SCADA Future scope

Introduction
Invented in 1968 as a substitute for hardwired relay panels

A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programmable memory for implementing specific functions such as : Logic sequencing Timing Counting Arithmetic control through digital or analog input/output modules

Purpose of PLC & its functions

Initially designed to replace relay logic boards Accepts input from a series of switches Sends output to devices or relays

Functions
On-off control, Sequential control, Feedback control, and Motion control

Basic PLC components

POWER SUPPLY
I N P U T S O U T P U T S

CPU

Power Supply
Every PLC has an external or internal Isolated Power Supply. Isolated Power Supplies can have more than one isolated output. Normally Power supplies are high voltage. Typically 24 Volts for industrial PLCs.

INPUTS & Outputs

These are the physical connections from the real world to the PLC. Inputs can be limit switches, push buttons, and sensors, anything that can "switch" a signal on or off. Outputs are solenoids, lamps, contactors, relays etc,. The number of DI/Os can be increased by adding additional DI/O modules

CPU
CPU module mainly classified into three different parts based on their operation. Processor program memory serial communication ports

Scan cycle of PLC

House keeping I/P scan

O/P scan

Program scan

STEP 7 LITE

STEP 7 LITE

Programming PLC
FBD (Function block diagram) LD (Ladder diagram) ST (Structured text, similar to the Pascal programming language) IL (Instruction list, similar to assembly language) SFC (Sequential function chart).

Ladder logic
Ladder diagram is a language which composes program using relay symbols as a base in an image similar to a hard-wired relay sequence. A ladder logic program has a ladder look to it. The sides of the ladder are the power rail on the left and ground rail on the right. The rungs of the ladder consists of Virtual Relay Components.

Virtual relay components Power Rail Virtual relay components

Ground Rail

Virtual relay components

Virtual Relay components

[] [/] Normally Open Switch Normally Closed Switch

()

Coil

And many more..

Exercises
Direct online starter Sequential switching of motors Fan control unit Tank level controller Traffic light control Bottling Plant simulation

SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISTION (SCADA)

SCADA refers to combination of telemetry and Data acquisition. It consist of: Collecting data Transferring it back to control site Carrying out necessary analysis and control Displaying data on operator screens

TELEMETRY
It is the technique used in transmitting and receiving information or data over a medium. Information can be Voltage, speed, level, temp, flow etc. Data is transmitted to another location through cables, Telephone, radio. Information may come from multiple locations.

DATA ACQUISTION
It is method used to access and control information from equipment being controlled and monitored. The data accessed is then forwarded on to a telemetry system fro transfer to different sites.

Future scope
Study of : Interrupts Counters Communication Protocol: Profibus How to use communications to communicate with other PLCs, smart actuators and sensors, etc

THANK U