Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Back to Elements
- tets vs. Hexs

EW-1

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Physics(Formulation) Element quality(Shape)

( u, p ) = Wd I1 , I 2 dV + p ( J 1)dV ext
V

Energy =

f ( , , ) g ( , , ) det J ddd det J det J

Numeric correction(integration) Mesh density(sizing)

v = [ Bv ] u

T 1 1 Error energy = { } [ D ] { } d ( vol) 2 vol

EW-2

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Stiffness tests

EW-3

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Problem

p( x) = a 1 + ai x i
i =1

u = a1+ a1 x

p ( x) = a 1 + ai x i
FE result with 3 Plane42
i =1

FE result with 1 Plane42

u ( x) = a1+ a1 x + a1 x
FE result

p ( x) = a 1 + ai x i
FE result with 3 Plane82
i =1

FE result with 1 Plane82

EW-4

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Problem

p( x) = a 1 + ai x i
i =1

with 1 rec. Plane42 FE with 2 triangle Plane42

with 3 rec. Plane42 FE with 6 triangle Plane42

mit 1 Plane82

mit 3 Plane82 FE with 6 triangle Plane82

FE result

FE with 2 triangle Plane82

EW-5

Back to Elements
M M Pure bending:
Cross-section keep in plane, Top and bottom surface ->curvatures Shear deformation = 0

Tets vs. Hex

M M
Pure bending of Element with linear shape function. Top and bottom surface keep straight, Shear deformation 0

Shear locking & Extra Displacement Shapes

(Thickness/Length = 1/100)
-.666 0 .666 -1 0 1 ----wothout Extra Shape function---It is important to know, that for bending dominated problem, linear hexahedron leads to good result only when the extra shape function or enhanced strain formulation is used.

----with Extra Shape function----

EW-6

Back to Elements Test for 2D-Elements

Tets vs. Hex

ANSYS 5.5.2 JUL 3 1999 15:38:34 -1 -.5 0 .5 ANSYS 5.5.2 1
JUL 3 1999 15:52:22 -.237108 -.118554 0 .118554 .237108

4-Nodes PLANE 42 h b b=1 h=1 M=1/6

M 6 = = 2 W b*h
1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0

=1 6

3-Nodes PLANE 42

Theorie PLANE42(4) PLANE2 PLANE42(3)

6-Nodes PLANE 2

3-Ecke oder 4-Ecke

ANSYS 5.5.2 JUL 3 1999 15:55:40 -1 -.5 0 .5 1

It is obviously to see that linear tetrahedron tetrahedron delivers unacceptable approximations. One should not use it for bending problem. while mid-side node tetrahedron is good for bending problem.

EW-7

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Hex20

Tet10

Hex8

Error: 1400% Tet4

EW-8

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Hex20

Tet10

Hex8

FREQ=1.1324

Error: 200% Tet4

FREQ=7.0472

EW-9

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Stress tests

EW-10

Back to Elements Closed solution

Tets vs. Hex

D = 11 = 11 = 1 d g 11 1 Mb = 1 1 b = 1
k = 1.74

= 1 . 1 1 b = 1 . 1 1 1 = 1 .1 1

Local stress distribution

EW-11

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Nonlinear tests

EW-12

Back to Elements Contact stress

Tets vs. Hex

pHertz

1 PE 1 1 = R

/ 1 11

= 11 1

Hex

Tet

EW-13

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Thin-wall tests

EW-14

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Analytic solution vs. tetrahedron for thin-wall structure

To compare the shell theory with the FE simulation by using the tetrahedron elements for a four sides simply supported plate. The first 4 frequencies are calculated to compare the accuracy between the two methods. The goal is to find the proper element size that should be used in tetrahedron mesh, in order to achieve the accuracy less than 2% comparing to the analytic solution.

EW-15

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Analytic solution vs. tetrahedron for thin-wall structure

The FE model uses one element over the thickness and the in-plane element size is calculated as following:

Element Size=Factor*Thickness
For length/thickness ratios from 50, to 5000, the studies are done to fine the factors that meet the <2% accuracy.

thickness

length

Element Size

EW-16

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Analytic solution vs. tetrahedron for thin-wall structure

30 Factor Factor 20 10 0 50 3 5 12 17 25 30 30 20

3000000 DOFs DOFs 2000000

1000000 0

100 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Length/Thickness Ratio

50

100 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Length/Thickness Ratio

Length/Thickness Ratio

50

100

500

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Factor DOFs

3 11k

5 15k

12 65k

17 127k

25 230k

30 360k

30 650k

20 2300k

EW-17

Back to Elements Summary Deformation

Tets vs. Hex

0.04

0.042

0.0412

0.042

0.03
0.025

Default Solid

Default shell

0.02

0.01

Solid & Shell

EW-18

Fine solid

Fine shell

Back to Elements Summary Stress

Tets vs. Hex

75
74

77

60 45

68

15 0

Default Solid

Solid & Shell

EW-19

Fine solid

Fine shell

30

36

Default shell

Back to Elements ummary:

Tets vs. Hex

) Never use 4-nodes tetrahedron element, it is much too stiff! ) 10-nodes tetrahedron is very good and can always be used! ) 8-nodes hexahedron is good, but very sensible to the corner angle! ) 20-nodes hexahedron is very robust, but is very memory intensive. 1000
1

) For the thin-wall structure, the limit element/thickness ration to use tetrahedron is about 1000.

the

EW-20

Back to Elements

Tets vs. Hex

Thanks

EW-21