Phase Modulation

In PM the Phase of carrier

Sinusoidal signal is varied
according to the message signal.
It has linear relationship with the
message signal.



Phase Modulation
The amplitude of carrier is
held constant.

The power of the (PM) signal
also has been held constant.
Phase Modulation
If the carrier signal is given
by:

Where ( ) is the constant
phase of the carrier.
) cos( ) (
c c c c
t w A t S | + =
c
|
------------- (1)
Phase Modulation
The instantaneous phase of
modulation signal is given by:
) ( ) ( t S k t
m p c
+ = | | ------------- (2)
Phase Modulation
Where:

:The Phase Constant and is
depending on the characteristic
of the modulator and its unit is
.
p
k
) ( volt rad
Phase Modulation
The maximum deviation of
phase is given by:
) ( ) ( t S k t
m p c
= | |
MAX m p
t S k ) ( = V|
------------- (3)
Phase Modulation
We can express the phase
modulation signal by:

The Angle of carrier signal is
given by:
)] ( cos[ ) ( t S k t w A t S
m p c c c PM
+ + = |
) ( ) ( t S k t w t
m p c c
+ + = | u
------- (4)
------- (5)
Phase Modulation
The instantaneous frequency
for the phase modulation is
given by:
( )
( )
i c p m
d t d
w w k S t
dt dt
u
= = +
) (
2
t S
dt
d
k
f f
m
p
c i
+ =
t
------------- (6)
------------- (7)
Phase Modulation
The maximum deviation of
frequency in phase modulation
is given by:
MAX m
p
c i
t S
dt
d
k
f f f ) (
2
= V =
t
------------- (8)
Phase Modulation
If the message signal is
sinusoidal given by:

This implies that the phase
modulated signal is:
) (t S
m
t w A t S
m m m
cos ) ( =
------------- (9)
] cos cos[ ) ( t w m t w A t S
m p c c c PM
+ + = |
--------(10)
Phase Modulation
Where:


It also denoted as the (phase
modulation index).
m p p
A k m =
------------- (11)
Phase Modulation
If the message signal is
sinusoidal:

The maximum deviation of
frequency in phase modulation
is given by:
) (t S
m
m p
A k = V|
------------- (12)
Ma freq deviation
p m m
f k A f V = ------------- (13)
PM Bandwidth (BW)
According to Carson's rule
the bandwidth is given by:
m p
f m BW ) 1 ( 2 + = ------------- (14)
PM Bandwidth (BW)
If the phase modulation is
Narrow-Band (NB-PM):
1 <<
p
m
The Bandwidth is given by:
m
f BW 2 =
------------- (15)
PM Bandwidth (BW)
If the phase modulation is
Wide -Band (WB-PM):
1 >>
p
m
The Bandwidth is given by:
p m
m f BW . 2 =
------------- (16)
Phase Modulation
Spectrum
We can express the phase
modulation by using Fourier
series as following:
( ) cos[ cos ]
PM c c p m
S t A w t m w t = +
cos[ sin( )]
2
c c p m
A w t m w t
t
= + + -------- (17)
Analysis
2
( ) Re[ ( ) cos( ) ]. .
c
jw t j ft
PM c n p c m
S f A e J m w nw t e dt
t

= +

}
2
( ) cos( ) . .
j ft
c n p c m
n
A J m w nw t e dt
t

=

= +

}
( )[ [ ( )] [ ( )]]
c n p c m c m
n
A J m f f nf f f nf o o

=
= + + + +

Phase Modulation
Spectrum
( )
PM
S f
) (
2
0 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
1 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
2 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
3 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
0 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
1 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
2 p
c
m J
A
) (
2
3 p
c
m J
A
m c
f f 3
m c
f f 2
m c
f f
c
f
c
f
m c
f f +
m c
f f 2 +
m c
f f 3 +

Power of (PM) Signal
We can obtain the power density
of the (PM) signal as shown
below:

=
=
n
p n
c
PM
m J
R
A
P ) (
2
2
2
R
A
c
2
2
=
-------- (19)