ECOLOGY

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

TOPICS
12.1 : Introduction to ecology
12.2 : Ecosystem concept

12.3 : Energy Flow through ecosystem

12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles

12.5 : Biodiversity:
Conservation & management

PREVIOUS LESSON

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to;

Define basic terminologies: niche, habitat, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere. Explain ecosystem concept

12.1 INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY

Ecology is the study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment.

BASIC TERMS IN ECOLOGY

~ niche ~ habitat ~ organism ~ population ~ community ~ ecosystem ~ biome ~ biosphere

Niche
Niche is the status or role of an organism in its habitat /environment. Eg : Feeding behaviours aphid and caterpillar lives in same plant, but they have different habit of eating, aphid suck the plant saps and caterpillar eats the leaf.

Habitat
Habitat is the place in which an organism lives characterized by its physical (abiotic) or biotic factors that influences the life of the organism. Examples : streams, ponds, rivers and lakes.

ORGANISM
The systems working together with complexity make up the complex living organism.

POPULATION
Group of individuals of the same species living together in particular geographic area.

COMMUNITY
All the different species that live in a place are called a community (A forest community, for example contains trees, deer, woodpeckers & fungi).

ECOSYSTEM

A community and the physical environment in which it lives is called an ecological system or ecosystem.

BIOME
Major terrestrial ecosystems, called biomes

Climate controlled group of plants & animals in the wide area

BIOME

Examples of biome include desert, tropical rain forests and tundra.

BIOSPHERE
All of the communities of living things on earth are organized into the biosphere.

BIOSPHERE
The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth

The hydrosphere is Earths supply of water (liquid and frozen, fresh and salty)

The lithosphere is the soil and rock of the Earths crust.

12.2 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT

Definition according to Odum (1969)

Basic functional unit of nature including both organisms and their non-living environment. Each interacting with other and influencing each others
Both necessary for maintenance and development of the system.

Life hierarchical order

Each living system has several levels of organization and we can also organize organisms on the ecological level
Biosphere Biome
ecology study

Ecosystem Community Organism Organ Tissue Cell Protoplasm/organelle Gene

Population
biodiversity

biological cell genetic

CONCLUSION

NEXT LECTURE

ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT
Component of ecosystem